Summary about Disease
Adiposis Dolorosa (also known as Dercum's disease) is a rare disorder characterized by multiple, painful lipomas (fatty tumors) under the skin. It typically affects women more than men and often begins in middle age. The pain associated with these lipomas is often disproportionate to their size and can be constant, burning, or aching. The condition can also be associated with fatigue, weakness, cognitive difficulties, and other systemic symptoms.
Symptoms
Multiple, painful lipomas (fatty tumors) under the skin, especially on the trunk, upper arms, and upper legs.
Pain in the lipomas that can be burning, aching, or throbbing. The pain is often disproportionate to the size of the lipomas.
Fatigue and weakness.
Cognitive difficulties, such as memory problems or difficulty concentrating.
Weight gain.
Depression and anxiety.
Sleep disturbances.
Joint pain.
Headaches.
Skin changes such as easy bruising or dry skin.
Causes
The exact cause of Adiposis Dolorosa is unknown. Several theories have been proposed, including:
Genetic factors: A family history of the disease suggests a possible genetic component.
Endocrine dysfunction: Some researchers believe that hormonal imbalances may play a role.
Immune system abnormalities: Autoimmune processes have been suggested as a possible cause.
Nerve damage: Compression of nerves by lipomas could contribute to the pain.
Medicine Used
There is no specific cure for Adiposis Dolorosa, and treatment focuses on managing symptoms. Medications used may include:
Pain relievers: Analgesics such as NSAIDs (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs), opioids, and neuropathic pain medications (e.g., gabapentin, pregabalin) may be prescribed.
Lidocaine injections: Local injections of lidocaine can provide temporary pain relief.
Corticosteroids: In some cases, corticosteroids may be used to reduce inflammation and pain, but their long-term use is not recommended due to side effects.
Methotrexate or infliximab: Immunosuppressant drugs used to modulate immune response.
Other therapies: Physical therapy, compression garments, and psychological support may also be helpful.
Is Communicable
No, Adiposis Dolorosa is not communicable or contagious. It cannot be spread from person to person.
Precautions
While there are no specific precautions to prevent Adiposis Dolorosa since the cause is unknown, managing symptoms and lifestyle adjustments can help:
Maintaining a healthy weight through diet and exercise.
Avoiding prolonged pressure on painful areas.
Managing stress through relaxation techniques or counseling.
Physical therapy to improve mobility and reduce pain.
Compression garments.
Regular follow-up with healthcare professionals to monitor the condition and adjust treatment as needed.
How long does an outbreak last?
Adiposis Dolorosa is a chronic condition, meaning it persists over a long period. It doesn't have outbreaks in the traditional sense like an infectious disease. The symptoms can fluctuate in intensity, with periods of increased pain and discomfort, but the condition itself is ongoing.
How is it diagnosed?
Diagnosis of Adiposis Dolorosa can be challenging and often involves a combination of:
Physical examination: Assessing the presence and distribution of painful lipomas.
Medical history: Reviewing the patient's symptoms and family history.
Imaging studies: MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) or CT (computed tomography) scans may be used to visualize the lipomas and rule out other conditions.
Exclusion of other conditions: Ruling out other conditions that can cause similar symptoms, such as fibromyalgia or lipedema.
Biopsy: In some cases, a biopsy of a lipoma may be performed to confirm the diagnosis.
Timeline of Symptoms
The onset and progression of symptoms can vary among individuals. However, a general timeline might look like this:
Early stages: Gradual appearance of small, painful lipomas. Pain may be intermittent and mild.
Middle stages: Lipomas become more numerous and larger. Pain becomes more persistent and intense. Systemic symptoms such as fatigue and cognitive difficulties may develop.
Late stages: Lipomas can become widespread and severely painful. Systemic symptoms may worsen, affecting quality of life. Complications such as depression, anxiety, and mobility problems can occur.
Important Considerations
Adiposis Dolorosa is a rare and often misunderstood condition.
Diagnosis can be delayed due to the non-specific nature of the symptoms.
Treatment is primarily aimed at managing pain and improving quality of life.
A multidisciplinary approach involving physicians, pain specialists, physical therapists, and mental health professionals is often necessary.
Support groups and online communities can provide valuable resources and emotional support for individuals with Adiposis Dolorosa.
Research into the causes and treatment of Adiposis Dolorosa is ongoing.