Summary about Disease
A Baker's cyst, also known as a popliteal cyst, is a fluid-filled sac that forms behind the knee. It's usually caused by an underlying knee joint problem, such as arthritis or a cartilage tear, that leads to excess fluid production in the knee. This excess fluid bulges into the back of the knee, forming the cyst. While often painless, a Baker's cyst can cause stiffness, pain, and restricted movement.
Symptoms
Pain behind the knee (may worsen with activity or prolonged standing)
Stiffness in the knee
A bulge or feeling of fullness behind the knee
Clicking, locking, or catching in the knee
Sometimes, swelling in the calf
Causes
A Baker's cyst is typically caused by an underlying knee problem that leads to increased fluid production in the knee joint. Common causes include:
Osteoarthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis
Cartilage tears (meniscus tears)
Other knee injuries
Inflammation of the knee joint
Medicine Used
Pain relievers: Over-the-counter pain relievers such as ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) or naproxen (Aleve) can help reduce pain and inflammation.
Corticosteroids: A doctor may inject a corticosteroid medication, such as cortisone, into the knee joint to reduce inflammation.
Fluid drainage (Aspiration): A doctor can drain the fluid from the cyst using a needle.
Hyaluronic acid injections: Injections into the joint to improve lubrication.
Is Communicable
No, a Baker's cyst is not communicable or contagious. It is a result of an underlying knee condition, not an infection.
Precautions
Address underlying knee problems: Manage arthritis or treat knee injuries.
Avoid activities that worsen knee pain: Modify exercise routines to reduce strain.
Use supportive devices: Wear a knee brace for stability and support.
Maintain a healthy weight: Reduce stress on the knee joint.
Physical Therapy: Strengthen the muscles around the knee.
Avoid prolonged standing.
Elevate your leg when resting.
How long does an outbreak last?
The duration of a Baker's cyst varies depending on the underlying cause and treatment. The cyst may disappear on its own, especially if the underlying condition resolves. With treatment, symptoms can improve within a few weeks to months. However, if the underlying cause isn't addressed, the cyst may recur.
How is it diagnosed?
Physical exam: A doctor will examine the knee, checking for swelling, tenderness, and range of motion.
Imaging tests:
Ultrasound: Can help visualize the cyst and rule out other problems.
MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Provides detailed images of the knee joint and can identify underlying causes like cartilage tears or arthritis.
X-rays: Used to look for arthritis.
Timeline of Symptoms
The development of symptoms can vary.
Gradual onset: Often, the cyst develops slowly, with mild pain and stiffness that gradually worsen over time.
Sudden onset: Sometimes, the cyst may appear suddenly, especially after a knee injury or flare-up of arthritis.
Fluctuating symptoms: Symptoms may come and go, depending on activity level and the underlying condition.
Complications: If the cyst ruptures, it can cause sudden pain and swelling in the calf, mimicking a blood clot.
Important Considerations
Ruling out other conditions: It's essential to rule out other conditions that can cause similar symptoms, such as blood clots or tumors.
Underlying cause: Focus on treating the underlying knee problem to prevent recurrence.
Ruptured cyst: A ruptured cyst can cause significant pain and swelling and may require treatment.
Seeking medical advice: Consult a doctor if you experience persistent knee pain, swelling, or a bulge behind the knee.
Physical therapy: Following the plan given by your physical therapist is important for strengthening the knee.