Summary about Disease
A Bankart lesion is an injury to the anterior (front) part of the glenoid labrum of the shoulder joint. The labrum is a ring of fibrocartilage that surrounds the socket of the shoulder joint (glenoid fossa), helping to stabilize the humerus (upper arm bone). A Bankart lesion typically occurs when the shoulder dislocates, particularly in an anterior direction. This tear of the labrum can lead to recurrent shoulder instability and dislocations.
Symptoms
Common symptoms of a Bankart lesion include:
A feeling of instability or looseness in the shoulder
Recurrent shoulder dislocations or subluxations (partial dislocations)
Pain in the shoulder, especially with overhead activities or certain movements
A clicking, popping, or catching sensation in the shoulder joint
A feeling that the shoulder is "giving way"
Limited range of motion in the shoulder
Causes
The primary cause of a Bankart lesion is a shoulder dislocation, usually anterior dislocation. This can happen due to:
Traumatic injuries, such as falls, direct blows, or sports-related accidents
Repetitive overhead activities that stress the shoulder joint
In some cases, it can also occur from less severe injuries, especially in individuals with pre-existing shoulder instability.
Medicine Used
Medications are often used to manage pain and inflammation associated with a Bankart lesion. These may include:
Pain relievers: Over-the-counter medications such as acetaminophen (Tylenol) or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) or naproxen (Aleve) can help reduce pain.
Prescription pain medications: In cases of severe pain, stronger prescription pain relievers, such as opioids, may be prescribed, but these are typically used for a short duration due to the risk of dependence.
Corticosteroid injections: Corticosteroid injections into the shoulder joint can help reduce inflammation and pain.
Is Communicable
A Bankart lesion is not communicable. It is a result of a physical injury and cannot be transmitted from person to person.
Precautions
Precautions to take with a Bankart lesion involve preventing further injury and managing symptoms. These include:
Avoid activities that cause pain or instability in the shoulder.
Strengthen the muscles around the shoulder (rotator cuff and scapular muscles) through physical therapy.
Use proper body mechanics during activities to reduce stress on the shoulder joint.
Wear a shoulder brace or sling as recommended by a doctor or physical therapist, especially during activities that pose a risk of dislocation.
Follow a rehabilitation program prescribed by a physical therapist to regain strength, range of motion, and stability in the shoulder.
How long does an outbreak last?
A Bankart lesion is not an outbreak-related condition. The symptoms can persist until the injury is treated effectively. Without proper management (physical therapy or surgery), the instability and pain can be chronic. There is no specific "outbreak" duration.
How is it diagnosed?
Diagnosis of a Bankart lesion typically involves:
Physical Examination: A doctor will assess the shoulder's range of motion, stability, and pain level, often performing specific tests to evaluate the labrum.
Medical History: The doctor will inquire about past shoulder injuries, dislocations, and activities that may have contributed to the problem.
Imaging Studies:
X-rays: While X-rays may not show the Bankart lesion itself, they can help rule out other problems like fractures.
MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): An MRI, especially with contrast (arthrogram), is the most effective imaging technique for visualizing the labrum and detecting a Bankart lesion.
CT scan (Computed Tomography): Sometimes a CT scan with contrast is used, but MRI is usually preferred.
Timeline of Symptoms
The timeline of symptoms can vary depending on the severity of the initial injury and whether the lesion is treated:
Immediately after dislocation: Intense pain, limited range of motion, and a feeling that the shoulder is out of place.
Initial weeks: Pain may subside, but instability and a feeling of looseness may persist.
Without treatment (physical therapy or surgery): Recurrent dislocations or subluxations may occur, along with chronic pain, clicking, and a persistent feeling of instability. The symptoms tend to worsen over time with continued use of the shoulder.
With treatment (physical therapy or surgery): Improved stability, reduced pain, and a gradual return to normal function. Rehabilitation can take several weeks to months.
Important Considerations
Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent recurrent dislocations and chronic shoulder instability.
Non-surgical treatment, such as physical therapy, may be sufficient for some individuals, particularly those with less severe injuries or those who are not athletes.
Surgical repair of the Bankart lesion may be necessary for individuals with recurrent dislocations, significant instability, or those who wish to return to high-level athletic activities.
Following surgery, adherence to a rehabilitation program is essential for optimal recovery and to prevent re-injury.
Long-term complications can include arthritis in the shoulder joint if the instability is not addressed.