Symptoms
Eating unusually large amounts of food in a specific period of time (e.g., within two hours).
Feeling a lack of control over eating during the episode (e.g., feeling you can't stop eating or control what you're eating).
Eating much more rapidly than normal.
Eating until feeling uncomfortably full.
Eating large amounts of food when not feeling physically hungry.
Eating alone because of feeling embarrassed by how much one is eating.
Feeling disgusted with oneself, depressed, or very guilty after overeating.
Frequent dieting, possibly without weight loss.
Causes
The exact cause of BED is complex and not fully understood, but likely involves a combination of:
Genetics: A predisposition to BED may be inherited.
Psychological factors: Depression, anxiety, stress, low self-esteem, body image issues, and history of trauma are all risk factors.
Biological factors: Irregularities in brain regions that control appetite and reward may play a role.
Social factors: Cultural pressures related to body size and shape, and dieting history can contribute.
Medicine Used
Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (Vyvanse): Currently the only FDA-approved medication specifically for BED. It's a stimulant that can help reduce binge eating episodes.
Antidepressants: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) may be prescribed to address underlying depression or anxiety, which can contribute to BED.
Topiramate (Topamax): An anticonvulsant sometimes used off-label to reduce binge eating, but with potential side effects.
Weight-loss medications: Medications for weight loss can be used in conjunction with a more comprehensive treatment plan.
Is Communicable
No, Binge Eating Disorder is not communicable. It is a mental health condition, not an infectious disease.
Precautions
Seek professional help: If you think you may have BED, consult a doctor, therapist, or registered dietitian.
Avoid restrictive dieting: Dieting can trigger binge eating episodes. Focus on a balanced and healthy eating pattern.
Manage stress: Develop healthy coping mechanisms for stress, such as exercise, meditation, or spending time in nature.
Build a support system: Connect with friends, family, or support groups to help you cope with BED.
Challenge negative thoughts: Work on identifying and changing negative thoughts and beliefs about your body and food.
How long does an outbreak last?
BED is not characterized by "outbreaks." It is a chronic condition that can persist for months or years if left untreated. Episodes of binge eating can occur frequently (e.g., at least once a week for three months) in order to be diagnosed. The duration and severity of the disorder varies from person to person.
How is it diagnosed?
Diagnosis of BED involves:
Clinical Interview: A mental health professional will ask about your eating habits, thoughts, and feelings related to food and body image.
Review of Symptoms: The diagnostic criteria for BED, outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), will be assessed.
Physical Examination: A doctor may perform a physical exam to assess your overall health and rule out any underlying medical conditions.
Psychological Assessment: Questionnaires and other assessment tools may be used to evaluate your mood, anxiety levels, and other psychological factors. To be diagnosed with BED, the binge eating episodes must occur, on average, at least once a week for three months and be associated with significant distress.
Timeline of Symptoms
Early Stages: Feelings of dissatisfaction with body image and food intake may emerge, leading to occasional overeating.
Progression: Overeating episodes increase in frequency and intensity, accompanied by feelings of guilt and shame. A sense of loss of control develops during these episodes.
Chronic Phase: Binge eating becomes a regular occurrence, impacting daily life, relationships, and overall well-being. Weight gain and related health problems may develop. The individual may experience depression, anxiety, and social isolation.
Recovery (with Treatment): Through therapy, medication, and lifestyle changes, individuals can reduce or eliminate binge eating episodes, improve their mental and physical health, and regain a sense of control over their eating habits.
Important Considerations
BED is a treatable condition. Early intervention can improve outcomes.
Treatment often involves a combination of therapy, medication, and nutritional counseling.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) are commonly used therapies for BED.
It's important to address underlying psychological issues that contribute to BED, such as depression, anxiety, and low self-esteem.
Recovery from BED is a process, and setbacks are normal.
Self-compassion and support are crucial for successful recovery.