Summary about Disease
Black hairy tongue (BHT) is a temporary, harmless condition affecting the tongue. It is characterized by an abnormal coating on the top surface (dorsum) of the tongue, resulting in an elongated, hairy appearance, and often a dark or black discoloration. The condition is primarily caused by a buildup of dead skin cells on the numerous papillae (small, nipple-like projections) on the surface of the tongue.
Symptoms
Black, brown, yellow, or white discoloration of the tongue
Hairy or furry appearance of the tongue
Altered taste sensation (dysgeusia) or metallic taste
Burning sensation on the tongue
Bad breath (halitosis)
Gagging sensation
Tickling sensation in the mouth
Causes
Poor oral hygiene
Smoking or tobacco use
Excessive coffee or black tea consumption
Dehydration
Soft food diet (lack of abrasion to remove dead cells)
Certain medications (e.g., antibiotics, bismuth-containing medications like Pepto-Bismol, some antidepressants)
Mouthwashes containing oxidizing agents (peroxides) or astringents (witch hazel)
Radiation therapy to the head and neck
Dry mouth (xerostomia)
Candida infection
Medicine Used
There are no specific medications used to "cure" black hairy tongue. Treatment focuses on improving oral hygiene and eliminating the underlying cause. In some cases, antifungals may be prescribed if a fungal infection is present. Some doctors may perscribe vitamin B supplement.
Is Communicable
Black hairy tongue is not communicable. It is not contagious and cannot be spread from person to person.
Precautions
Practice good oral hygiene: Brush your teeth and tongue twice a day.
Use a tongue scraper to remove debris and dead cells.
Stay hydrated: Drink plenty of water.
Avoid smoking and tobacco use.
Limit coffee and black tea consumption.
Maintain a balanced diet with sufficient fiber.
Avoid mouthwashes containing harsh chemicals (peroxides, astringents)
See your dentist regularly for checkups and professional cleanings.
If you suspect a medication is causing the problem, talk to your doctor.
How long does an outbreak last?
With proper oral hygiene and addressing the underlying cause, black hairy tongue typically resolves within days to weeks. If the underlying cause persists, the condition may recur.
How is it diagnosed?
Black hairy tongue is usually diagnosed based on a visual examination of the tongue by a dentist or physician. No specific tests are typically required. The clinical appearance is usually sufficient for diagnosis.
Timeline of Symptoms
There is no specific timeline. The symptoms of BHT can develop gradually or relatively quickly, depending on the causative factors and individual hygiene practices. The elongated papillae and discoloration may appear within a few days to a week. Resolution time also varies depending on how quickly the cause is identified and addressed.
Important Considerations
While harmless, black hairy tongue can be aesthetically unappealing and cause discomfort.
It is important to identify and address the underlying cause to prevent recurrence.
Maintain good oral hygiene as a preventative measure.
If symptoms persist or worsen despite improved hygiene, consult a dentist or physician to rule out other potential conditions.
Although rare, similar appearances on the tongue could indicate other conditions (e.g., oral cancer), so seek professional evaluation for any unusual changes in the mouth.