Summary about Disease
Blepharitis is an inflammation of the eyelids, usually affecting the part where the eyelashes grow. It commonly occurs when tiny oil glands located near the base of the eyelashes become clogged. This can lead to red, itchy, and irritated eyelids. It's a common and often chronic condition.
Symptoms
Red, swollen eyelids
Itchy eyelids
Gritty or burning sensation in the eyes
Excessive tearing
Crusted eyelashes, especially upon waking
Flaking of the skin around the eyelids
Light sensitivity (photophobia)
Blurred vision (often temporary)
Eyelash loss or misdirection of eyelashes
Causes
Bacterial infection (usually Staphylococcus)
Seborrheic dermatitis (dandruff of the scalp and eyebrows)
Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) - problems with the oil glands in the eyelids
Rosacea (a skin condition characterized by facial redness)
Demodex mites (eyelash mites)
Allergies
Medicine Used
Artificial Tears: To relieve dryness and irritation.
Antibiotic Ointments or Drops: To treat bacterial infections (e.g., bacitracin, erythromycin).
Steroid Eye Drops or Ointments: To reduce inflammation (used cautiously and under doctor's supervision).
Oral Antibiotics: In more severe cases, particularly if associated with rosacea or other systemic conditions (e.g., tetracycline, doxycycline, azithromycin).
Topical Calcineurin Inhibitors: Such as tacrolimus or pimecrolimus, may be used for inflammation.
Is Communicable
Blepharitis itself is not communicable in the sense that you can "catch" it from someone else. However, if the cause is a bacterial infection, there is a small possibility of spreading the bacteria through direct contact, but this is less about "catching" blepharitis and more about transferring bacteria that could contribute to blepharitis or other infections in someone else. Demodex mites are also easily transferred between people.
Precautions
Good Hygiene: Wash hands frequently, especially before touching your eyes.
Warm Compresses: Apply warm compresses to your eyelids for 5-10 minutes several times a day to loosen crusts and debris.
Eyelid Scrubs: Gently scrub your eyelids with a diluted baby shampoo or a commercially available eyelid cleanser.
Avoid Irritants: Avoid using eye makeup, especially eyeliner and mascara, during outbreaks. Switch to hypoallergenic products.
Treat Underlying Conditions: Manage conditions like seborrheic dermatitis or rosacea.
Proper Contact Lens Care: If you wear contact lenses, clean and disinfect them properly.
How long does an outbreak last?
Blepharitis is often a chronic condition, meaning it can be ongoing. Individual outbreaks can last from a few days to several weeks. Symptoms can wax and wane over time, with periods of remission and exacerbation. With proper management and hygiene, the duration and severity of outbreaks can be minimized.
How is it diagnosed?
Eye Exam: A doctor will examine your eyelids, eyelashes, and the front surface of your eye.
Medical History: The doctor will ask about your symptoms, medical history, and any underlying conditions.
Slit-Lamp Examination: A special microscope (slit lamp) is used to examine the eyelids and eye in detail.
Eyelash Sampling: In some cases, the doctor may take a sample of your eyelashes to examine under a microscope for bacteria or Demodex mites.
Timeline of Symptoms
The onset and progression of blepharitis symptoms can vary. Here's a general timeline:
Early Stages: Mild itching, burning, or gritty sensation in the eyes. Redness along the eyelid margins.
Progression: Increased redness and swelling of the eyelids. Formation of crusts along the eyelashes, especially in the morning. Increased tearing or dryness.
Chronic Stage: Persistent or recurring symptoms. Potential complications such as styes, chalazia, or corneal damage.
Important Considerations
Chronic Condition: Understand that blepharitis is often a chronic condition, requiring ongoing management.
Doctor's Advice: Follow your doctor's instructions carefully regarding medication and hygiene practices.
Don't Self-Treat with Steroids: Steroid eye drops should only be used under a doctor's supervision due to potential side effects.
Underlying Conditions: Address any underlying conditions that may be contributing to blepharitis, such as seborrheic dermatitis or rosacea.
Regular Follow-up: Schedule regular follow-up appointments with your doctor to monitor your condition and adjust treatment as needed.