Summary about Disease
Buerger's disease (thromboangiitis obliterans) is a rare disease of the arteries and veins in the arms and legs. Blood vessels become inflamed, swell, and can become blocked with blood clots (thrombi). This eventually damages or destroys skin tissues and can lead to infection and gangrene. It is strongly associated with tobacco use, especially smoking cigarettes.
Symptoms
Pain, which may occur in the legs or arms, even when at rest.
Painful open sores (ulcers) on your fingers and toes.
Pale, reddish-blue, or bluish discoloration of fingers or toes, often in response to cold or stress.
Coldness or numbness in your fingers and toes.
Weak or absent pulses in the extremities.
Superficial thrombophlebitis (inflammation of a vein just below the skin's surface) which can cause painful lumps.
Causes
The exact cause of Buerger's disease is unknown, but it is strongly linked to tobacco use. It is believed that chemicals in tobacco may irritate the lining of blood vessels, causing them to swell. Genetics may also play a role.
Medicine Used
There is no specific medication that cures Buerger's disease. Treatment focuses on managing symptoms and preventing the disease from worsening. Medications may include:
Pain relievers: To manage pain.
Vasodilators: Such as calcium channel blockers to help open blood vessels.
Prostaglandins: May help to improve blood flow.
Antiplatelet medications: Such as aspirin or clopidogrel, to prevent blood clots.
Antibiotics: For infections.
Is Communicable
No, Buerger's disease is not communicable. It is not an infectious disease and cannot be spread from person to person.
Precautions
Complete cessation of tobacco use: This is the most important step in preventing the progression of the disease.
Avoid cold exposure: Wear warm clothing, especially gloves and socks, in cold weather.
Protect your hands and feet from injury: Avoid tight shoes or boots.
Good skin care: Inspect your hands and feet daily for any signs of sores or infection. Keep your skin clean and moisturized.
Regular exercise: Can improve circulation.
Stress management: Stress can worsen symptoms.
How long does an outbreak last?
Buerger's disease is a chronic condition, not an outbreak. Symptoms can fluctuate in severity. Without quitting tobacco, the disease will likely progress. With complete cessation of tobacco use, the progression may be slowed or halted.
How is it diagnosed?
Physical exam: A doctor will check for reduced or absent pulses in the extremities and examine the skin for ulcers or discoloration.
Allen's test: This test assesses blood flow to the hands.
Angiography: X-rays of the blood vessels after injecting dye to visualize blockages or narrowing.
Blood tests: To rule out other conditions that can cause similar symptoms, such as autoimmune diseases.
Timeline of Symptoms
The timeline of symptoms can vary from person to person. However, a general progression may involve:
Early stages: Intermittent pain in the hands or feet, especially with exercise or cold exposure. Pale or bluish discoloration of fingers or toes.
Intermediate stages: Pain becomes more frequent and severe, even at rest. Ulcers may develop on fingers or toes.
Late stages: Severe pain, gangrene (tissue death) in fingers or toes, potentially requiring amputation.
Important Considerations
Quitting tobacco is crucial: It is the most important factor in managing the disease and preventing further damage.
Early diagnosis and treatment are important: This can help to slow the progression of the disease and prevent complications.
Buerger's disease can lead to significant disability: It is important to work closely with your doctor to manage the condition and improve your quality of life.
Amputation may be necessary: If gangrene develops, amputation of affected fingers or toes may be required.
Consider support groups: Connecting with others who have Buerger's disease can provide valuable support and information.