Summary about Disease
Cervical dystonia, also known as spasmodic torticollis, is a neurological movement disorder characterized by involuntary contractions of the neck muscles. These contractions cause the head to twist or turn to one side, tilt forward or backward, or a combination thereof. It can be painful and debilitating, affecting a person's ability to perform daily activities.
Symptoms
Involuntary head movements: Twisting (torticollis), tilting forward (anterocollis), tilting backward (retrocollis), or sideways (laterocollis).
Neck pain: Ranging from mild to severe.
Head tremor: Shaking of the head.
Shoulder elevation: One shoulder may be pulled upward.
Muscle stiffness: Neck muscles feel tight and rigid.
Headaches
Sensory tricks: Touching the chin or back of the head can temporarily reduce symptoms.
Causes
The exact cause of cervical dystonia is often unknown (idiopathic). In some cases, it may be related to:
Genetic factors: A family history of dystonia increases the risk.
Brain injury: Trauma to the head or neck.
Certain medications: Some drugs can trigger dystonia as a side effect.
Other neurological conditions: Such as Parkinson's disease, Wilson's disease, or stroke.
Medicine Used
Botulinum toxin (Botox) injections: These are the most common treatment. Botox weakens the affected neck muscles, reducing spasms and pain.
Oral medications:
Muscle relaxants: Such as baclofen.
Anticholinergics: Such as trihexyphenidyl.
Dopamine-depleting agents: Such as tetrabenazine (for certain cases).
Deep brain stimulation (DBS): A surgical procedure that involves implanting electrodes in the brain to regulate nerve signals. This is typically reserved for severe cases that don't respond to other treatments.
Is Communicable
No, cervical dystonia is not communicable. It is not contagious and cannot be spread from person to person.
Precautions
There are no specific precautions to prevent cervical dystonia, as the cause is often unknown. However, individuals with a family history of dystonia or those taking medications that may trigger dystonia should be aware of the potential risk. General healthy lifestyle habits, such as regular exercise and stress management, may be beneficial.
How long does an outbreak last?
Cervical dystonia is a chronic condition, meaning it can persist for many years or even a lifetime. Symptoms can fluctuate in severity over time. Treatment can help manage symptoms, but there is currently no cure. An "outbreak" isn't really the right terminology, as it's a chronic condition, but exacerbations or flare-ups of symptoms can occur.
How is it diagnosed?
Neurological examination: A doctor will assess your symptoms, muscle tone, and reflexes.
Medical history: The doctor will ask about your family history, medications, and any previous injuries.
Electromyography (EMG): This test measures the electrical activity of your muscles to identify affected muscles.
MRI or CT scan: May be performed to rule out other underlying conditions.
Timeline of Symptoms
The onset of symptoms can be gradual or sudden.
Early stages: Mild neck stiffness or pain, slight head tilting or turning.
Progression: Symptoms worsen over time, with more pronounced head movements and increased pain.
Plateau: Symptoms may stabilize after a period of progression.
Fluctuations: Symptoms can vary in severity from day to day or even within the same day.
Important Considerations
Living with cervical dystonia can be challenging. Seek support from family, friends, and support groups.
Physical therapy and occupational therapy can help improve posture, range of motion, and muscle strength.
Stress management techniques such as yoga, meditation, and deep breathing can help reduce muscle tension.
Consult with a neurologist specializing in movement disorders for proper diagnosis and treatment.
Regular follow-up appointments are important to monitor your condition and adjust treatment as needed.