Summary about Disease
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS), also known as Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS), is a complex, chronic, and debilitating illness characterized by profound fatigue that is not improved by rest and worsens with physical or mental activity (post-exertional malaise). It affects multiple body systems and can significantly impair a person's ability to perform daily activities.
Symptoms
The primary symptom is overwhelming fatigue lasting for at least six months. Other common symptoms include:
Post-exertional malaise (PEM): Worsening of symptoms after physical or mental activity.
Unrefreshing sleep: Feeling tired even after a full night's sleep.
Cognitive difficulties ("brain fog"): Problems with memory, concentration, and thinking.
Muscle pain
Joint pain (without redness or swelling)
Headaches
Sore throat
Tender lymph nodes in the neck or armpits
Dizziness or lightheadedness
Orthostatic intolerance (symptoms that worsen when standing up)
Causes
The exact cause of ME/CFS is unknown. Research suggests a combination of factors may be involved, including:
Viral infections (e.g., Epstein-Barr virus, human herpesvirus 6, Ross River virus).
Immune system dysfunction
Hormonal imbalances
Genetic predisposition
Physical or emotional trauma
Medicine Used
There is no specific cure or FDA-approved medication for ME/CFS. Treatment focuses on managing individual symptoms and improving quality of life. Medications that may be used include:
Pain relievers (e.g., ibuprofen, acetaminophen)
Antidepressants (e.g., selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), tricyclic antidepressants) - can help with sleep, pain, and mood.
Sleep aids (e.g., melatonin)
Medications for orthostatic intolerance (e.g., fludrocortisone, midodrine)
Other medications to address specific symptoms as needed.
Is Communicable
ME/CFS is not considered to be a communicable or contagious disease. It does not spread from person to person through direct contact or airborne transmission.
Precautions
There are no specific precautions to prevent contracting ME/CFS, as the cause is unknown. However, general health precautions, such as maintaining a healthy lifestyle, managing stress, and avoiding known triggers for symptom exacerbation, may be beneficial. Pacing activities is crucial to avoid PEM.
How long does an outbreak last?
ME/CFS is not an outbreak. It is a chronic condition. Symptoms can fluctuate in severity over time, with periods of remission and relapse. The duration of the illness varies greatly from person to person; some may recover within a few years, while others may experience symptoms for decades.
How is it diagnosed?
Diagnosis of ME/CFS is based on clinical criteria, as there are no specific diagnostic tests. The Institute of Medicine (IOM) criteria are often used, requiring:
Significant impairment in the ability to engage in pre-illness levels of activity.
Post-exertional malaise (PEM).
Unrefreshing sleep.
Either cognitive impairment or orthostatic intolerance. Other conditions with similar symptoms must be ruled out through medical history, physical examination, and laboratory tests.
Timeline of Symptoms
The onset of ME/CFS can be sudden or gradual. Symptoms typically persist for at least six months for diagnosis. The course of the illness is variable, with periods of exacerbation (worsening of symptoms) and remission (improvement of symptoms). Some individuals may experience a gradual decline in function over time, while others may have a more fluctuating course.
Important Considerations
ME/CFS is a complex and often misunderstood illness.
It can significantly impact a person's quality of life and ability to function.
Early diagnosis and management are essential.
A multidisciplinary approach involving healthcare professionals, therapists, and support groups is often beneficial.
Pacing activities and avoiding overexertion are crucial for managing symptoms.
Research into the causes and treatments of ME/CFS is ongoing.