Summary about Disease
A compression fracture occurs when a vertebra in the spine collapses. This most commonly happens in the thoracic (mid-back) and lumbar (lower back) regions. Osteoporosis is the most common cause, but they can also be caused by trauma, tumors, or other conditions that weaken the spine.
Symptoms
Sudden onset of back pain
Pain that worsens with standing or walking
Limited spinal mobility
Height loss over time
Kyphosis (a hunched-forward posture)
Sometimes, numbness, tingling, or weakness if nerves are compressed
Causes
Osteoporosis: Weakening of the bones, making them susceptible to fracture.
Trauma: Falls, car accidents, or other injuries.
Tumors: Cancerous or non-cancerous growths that weaken the vertebrae.
Other conditions: Certain medical conditions, like hyperparathyroidism or Cushing's syndrome, can weaken bones.
Medicine Used
Pain relievers: Over-the-counter or prescription pain medications (NSAIDs, opioids) to manage pain.
Osteoporosis medications: Bisphosphonates, calcitonin, selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), denosumab, teriparatide, or romosozumab to strengthen bones.
Calcitonin: (Rarely prescribed) May be used to manage acute pain from the fracture
Is Communicable
No, compression fractures are not communicable. They are not caused by infectious agents and cannot be spread from person to person.
Precautions
Prevent falls: Maintain good balance, use assistive devices if needed, and remove tripping hazards.
Maintain bone health: Get enough calcium and vitamin D, and consider bone density screenings.
Proper body mechanics: Lift heavy objects correctly, and maintain good posture.
Avoid high-impact activities: Especially if you have osteoporosis or other risk factors.
Regular exercise: Weight-bearing exercises can help strengthen bones.
How long does an outbreak last?
Compression fractures are not an outbreak scenario. The pain associated with an acute compression fracture can last for several weeks to months. The fracture itself generally heals within 8-12 weeks. Chronic pain can persist longer.
How is it diagnosed?
Physical exam: Doctor will assess your back pain and range of motion.
X-rays: To visualize the spine and identify fractures.
MRI: To assess the extent of the fracture and any nerve involvement.
CT scan: May be used if MRI is not possible or to further evaluate the fracture.
Bone density test (DEXA scan): To assess bone density and diagnose osteoporosis.
Timeline of Symptoms
Acute phase (first few days to weeks): Sudden, severe back pain, often worsened by movement.
Subacute phase (weeks to months): Pain gradually decreases, but may still be present with activity.
Chronic phase (months or longer): Some people may experience chronic back pain or stiffness even after the fracture has healed. It's important to note that this is a general timeline, and individual experiences may vary.
Important Considerations
Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent further fractures and complications.
Pain management is a key component of treatment.
Addressing underlying conditions like osteoporosis is essential.
Physical therapy can help improve spinal stability and reduce pain.
Surgery (vertebroplasty or kyphoplasty) may be considered in some cases to stabilize the fracture and reduce pain.
Long-term management may involve lifestyle modifications, medication, and regular follow-up with a healthcare professional.