Summary about Disease
Condyloma acuminatum, commonly known as genital warts, are soft, fleshy growths on the genitals, perineum (area between the genitals and anus), or anus. They are caused by certain types of the human papillomavirus (HPV). Genital warts are a sexually transmitted infection (STI). While not life-threatening, they can be uncomfortable, itchy, and may cause emotional distress.
Symptoms
Small, flesh-colored or gray swellings in your genital area
Several warts close together that take on a cauliflower shape
Itching or discomfort in your genital area
Bleeding with intercourse They can appear on the vulva, vagina, cervix, penis, scrotum, groin, or anus. In some cases, they may be so small that they're not noticeable.
Causes
Genital warts are caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). Certain strains of HPV, particularly types 6 and 11, are most often responsible. HPV is transmitted through skin-to-skin contact, most commonly during sexual activity (vaginal, anal, or oral sex).
Medicine Used
Several topical medications are available for treating genital warts:
Podofilox: A solution or gel that the patient applies directly to the warts.
Imiquimod: A cream that boosts the immune system's ability to fight the HPV virus.
Podophyllin resin: Applied by a healthcare provider (not for use by pregnant women).
Trichloroacetic acid (TCA): A chemical treatment applied by a healthcare provider to burn off warts.
Sinecatechins (Veregen): An ointment containing green tea extract. In some cases, procedures performed by a healthcare provider are necessary:
Cryotherapy: Freezing the warts off with liquid nitrogen.
Electrocautery: Burning off the warts with an electrical current.
Surgical excision: Cutting the warts off.
Laser treatment: Using a laser to destroy the warts.
Is Communicable
Yes, condyloma acuminatum is highly communicable. It is transmitted through skin-to-skin contact, primarily during sexual activity. A person can be infected with HPV and transmit it even if they don't have visible warts.
Precautions
Vaccination: The HPV vaccine protects against the types of HPV that cause most genital warts and some cancers.
Safe sex practices: Use condoms consistently and correctly. While condoms do not provide complete protection, they reduce the risk of transmission.
Limit sexual partners: Reducing the number of sexual partners decreases the risk of exposure to HPV.
Regular checkups: Routine screening for STIs can help detect HPV early.
Avoid touching warts: Wash your hands thoroughly after touching any warts.
Inform partners: If you have genital warts, it's important to inform your sexual partners so they can get tested and treated if necessary.
How long does an outbreak last?
The duration of a genital wart outbreak varies. Some warts may disappear on their own within a few months. However, without treatment, they can persist for months or years. Even after treatment, the virus remains in the body, and warts may recur.
How is it diagnosed?
Visual examination: A healthcare provider can often diagnose genital warts by visually examining the affected area.
Acetic acid test: Applying a mild acetic acid solution (vinegar) to the area can make warts more visible.
Pap test: In women, a Pap test can detect abnormal cells on the cervix that may indicate HPV infection.
Biopsy: In rare cases, a biopsy may be performed to confirm the diagnosis, especially if the warts are atypical or the diagnosis is uncertain.
Timeline of Symptoms
Incubation period: The time between HPV infection and the appearance of warts can range from weeks to months. It's possible to be infected for months or even years before warts appear.
Initial appearance: Small, painless bumps may appear on the genitals, perineum, or anus.
Progression: The warts may grow larger, multiply, and cluster together, forming a cauliflower-like appearance.
Symptoms: Itching, discomfort, or bleeding may occur as the warts grow.
Important Considerations
HPV remains in the body: Even after the warts are removed, the HPV virus remains in the body. This means that warts can recur.
Risk of transmission: People with genital warts are contagious, even when warts are not visible.
Psychological impact: Genital warts can cause anxiety, embarrassment, and relationship problems.
Association with cancer: Certain types of HPV can cause cervical, anal, penile, and oropharyngeal cancers. Regular screening is important, especially for women.
Pregnancy: Genital warts can cause problems during pregnancy, such as difficulty urinating or vaginal delivery. Treatment options are available that are safe for pregnant women. Always inform your doctor if you are pregnant or planning to become pregnant.