Summary about Disease
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a condition in which the coronary arteries, which supply blood and oxygen to the heart muscle, become narrowed or blocked. This is usually due to the buildup of plaque (atherosclerosis) inside the arteries. This reduces blood flow to the heart, potentially leading to chest pain (angina), shortness of breath, heart attack, or other heart problems.
Symptoms
Chest pain (angina): Pressure, tightness, or squeezing in the chest.
Shortness of breath
Fatigue, especially with exertion
Pain in the arm, shoulder, neck, jaw, or back
Nausea
Sweating
Dizziness
Causes
The primary cause is atherosclerosis, which is the buildup of plaque in the arteries. Risk factors that contribute to atherosclerosis include:
High cholesterol
High blood pressure
Smoking
Diabetes
Obesity
Family history of heart disease
Lack of physical activity
Unhealthy diet
Older age
Medicine Used
Statins: To lower cholesterol.
Aspirin: To prevent blood clots.
Beta-blockers: To lower heart rate and blood pressure.
ACE inhibitors or ARBs: To lower blood pressure.
Nitroglycerin: To relieve chest pain (angina).
Calcium channel blockers: To lower blood pressure and relieve angina.
Antiplatelet drugs (e.g., clopidogrel): To prevent blood clots.
Ranolazine: To treat chronic angina.
Is Communicable
No, coronary artery disease is not communicable. It is not caused by an infectious agent and cannot be spread from person to person.
Precautions
Maintain a healthy diet low in saturated and trans fats, cholesterol, and sodium.
Engage in regular physical activity.
Maintain a healthy weight.
Quit smoking.
Manage high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and diabetes.
Reduce stress.
Get regular checkups with your doctor.
How long does an outbreak last?
Coronary artery disease is not an outbreak-related illness. It is a chronic condition that develops over time. Angina episodes, however, can be acute and last from a few minutes to longer periods depending on the severity and management.
How is it diagnosed?
Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG): Records the electrical activity of the heart.
Echocardiogram: Uses sound waves to create an image of the heart.
Stress test: Monitors heart function during exercise.
Blood tests: To check cholesterol levels, blood sugar, and other risk factors.
Coronary angiogram: Uses X-rays and dye to visualize the coronary arteries.
Cardiac CT scan: Provides detailed images of the heart and coronary arteries.
Timeline of Symptoms
The development of CAD is gradual. Symptoms may not appear until the arteries are significantly narrowed.
Early stages: Often no symptoms.
As the disease progresses: Angina during exertion.
Advanced stages: Angina at rest, shortness of breath, heart attack.
The progression can take years or decades.
Important Considerations
CAD is a leading cause of death worldwide.
Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent serious complications.
Lifestyle changes and medications can effectively manage CAD and improve quality of life.
Regular follow-up with a healthcare provider is essential.
Understanding family history and personal risk factors is important for prevention.