Symptoms
A popping sensation in the knee at the time of injury.
Immediate, severe pain.
Inability to continue the activity.
Rapid swelling.
Limited range of motion.
Feeling of instability or "giving way" when bearing weight.
Pain and tenderness along the joint line.
Causes
Sudden stops or changes in direction.
Pivoting with the foot planted.
Landing awkwardly from a jump.
Direct blow to the knee.
Overextension of the knee.
Improper landing techniques.
Weak muscles in the lower extremities.
Poor conditioning.
Medicine Used
Pain relievers: Over-the-counter pain relievers such as ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) or naproxen (Aleve) can help reduce pain and inflammation. Prescription pain medications may be necessary for more severe pain.
Anti-inflammatory drugs: Prescription NSAIDs may be used to reduce inflammation.
Corticosteroids: In some cases, corticosteroid injections may be used to reduce inflammation and pain, but are not a long-term solution.
Is Communicable
No, a cruciate ligament injury is not communicable. It is a traumatic injury and not caused by an infectious agent.
Precautions
Use proper athletic techniques.
Strengthen muscles around the knee (quadriceps, hamstrings, and calf muscles).
Warm up properly before exercise.
Use appropriate footwear.
Maintain a healthy weight.
Avoid activities that put excessive stress on the knee if you have a history of knee problems.
Consider bracing for high-risk activities.
How long does an outbreak last?
Cruciate ligament injuries are not outbreaks and do not spread like infectious diseases. Healing time depends on the severity of the injury, treatment method, and individual factors. Recovery can range from several weeks to many months.
How is it diagnosed?
Physical Examination: A doctor will assess range of motion, stability, and pain. Specific tests like the Lachman test, anterior drawer test, and pivot shift test are used to evaluate the ACL. For PCL injuries, the posterior drawer test may be performed.
Imaging Tests:
X-rays: To rule out fractures.
MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Provides detailed images of soft tissues, including ligaments, and can confirm the diagnosis of a cruciate ligament tear.
Ultrasound: Sometimes used but less common for diagnosing ligament tears.
Timeline of Symptoms
Immediately after injury: Popping sensation, severe pain, immediate swelling, and inability to bear weight.
Within hours: Increased swelling, stiffness, and tenderness.
Days to weeks: Pain may subside somewhat, but instability may persist, especially with activity. Range of motion may remain limited.
Without treatment: Chronic instability, increased risk of further knee damage (e.g., meniscus tears, arthritis).
Important Considerations
Severity of tear: Partial vs. complete tears have different treatment approaches.
Activity level: Athletes and those with physically demanding jobs may require surgery.
Age: Younger individuals may be more likely to undergo surgery to restore knee stability.
Other injuries: Concurrent injuries to the meniscus or other ligaments can affect treatment.
Rehabilitation: Proper rehabilitation is crucial for a successful recovery, regardless of whether surgery is performed. Failure to adhere to a rehabilitation program can lead to persistent instability and decreased function.