Summary about Disease
A dermoid cyst is a benign (non-cancerous) growth that contains skin structures like hair follicles, sweat glands, and sebaceous (oil) glands. They typically develop during fetal development when skin cells get trapped. They can occur anywhere on the body but are most commonly found on the face, scalp, or inside the body like in the ovaries.
Symptoms
A painless, slow-growing lump under the skin.
The lump may feel smooth and movable.
Sometimes, the cyst can become inflamed or infected, causing redness, pain, and swelling.
If the cyst ruptures, it can cause a local inflammatory reaction.
Location-specific symptoms may occur (e.g., double vision if near the eye socket).
Causes
Dermoid cysts occur during fetal development. They are caused by skin cells becoming trapped during the formation of the body. These trapped cells can then differentiate into various skin structures inside a sac. The sac then becomes the dermoid cyst.
Medicine Used
There is no medicine used to treat a dermoid cyst. The primary treatment is surgical removal. Antibiotics may be prescribed if the cyst becomes infected prior to removal. Pain relievers might be recommended for post-operative discomfort.
Is Communicable
No, dermoid cysts are not communicable. They are not caused by an infection and cannot be spread from person to person.
Precautions
There are no specific precautions to prevent dermoid cysts, as they are congenital (present at birth) or develop very early in life. Early detection through regular checkups is beneficial. If a cyst is identified, avoid squeezing or trying to drain it yourself, as this can lead to infection.
How long does an outbreak last?
Dermoid cysts don't have "outbreaks." They are persistent growths. Once a cyst forms, it remains present until it is surgically removed. If it becomes infected, the infection can last for several days to weeks if untreated.
How is it diagnosed?
Physical Examination: A doctor can often diagnose a dermoid cyst by physical examination alone.
Imaging Tests: Ultrasound, CT scans, or MRI scans may be used to confirm the diagnosis, determine the size and location of the cyst, and rule out other conditions.
Biopsy: Rarely, a biopsy may be performed to confirm the diagnosis.
Timeline of Symptoms
The dermoid cyst is present since birth but the following may occur as it develops
Early Stages: Often asymptomatic; may be discovered as a small, painless lump.
Gradual Growth: The cyst slowly increases in size over time. This may take months or years.
Inflammation/Infection (If Occurs): Redness, swelling, pain develop rapidly, usually over a few days.
Rupture (Rare): Sudden pain and inflammation as contents leak.
Important Considerations
Surgical removal is the definitive treatment.
Complete excision is important to prevent recurrence.
The surgery is usually straightforward, but the risks depend on the location and size of the cyst. Risks are bleeding and infections.
Dermoid cysts are almost always benign.
Consult a doctor if you suspect you have a dermoid cyst, especially if it is causing pain or discomfort.