Summary about Disease
Early-Onset Scoliosis (EOS) is defined as spinal curvature diagnosed before the age of 10 years. It can be caused by congenital vertebral anomalies, neuromuscular conditions, or genetic syndromes (in which case it is known as syndromic scoliosis), or it may have no identifiable cause (idiopathic). EOS can significantly impact lung development, growth, and overall quality of life.
Symptoms
Symptoms of EOS can vary depending on the severity and progression of the curve, and the underlying cause. They may include:
Visible curvature of the spine (C-shaped or S-shaped).
Uneven shoulders or hips.
Rib prominence on one side.
Leaning to one side.
Difficulty breathing (in severe cases).
Back pain (less common in young children).
Fatigue
Causes
The causes of EOS are diverse:
Idiopathic: The most common type; the cause is unknown.
Congenital: Caused by vertebral malformations present at birth (e.g., hemivertebrae, fused ribs).
Neuromuscular: Associated with conditions such as cerebral palsy, muscular dystrophy, and spinal muscular atrophy.
Syndromic: Linked to genetic syndromes like Marfan syndrome, neurofibromatosis, and Down syndrome.
Medicine Used
There is no specific "medicine" to cure scoliosis. Treatment focuses on managing the curvature and preventing progression. Medications may be used to manage pain associated with scoliosis or to treat underlying conditions contributing to the scoliosis. Pain relievers, such as NSAIDs may be used.
Is Communicable
No, Early-Onset Scoliosis is not a communicable disease. It is not caused by an infectious agent and cannot be spread from person to person.
Precautions
Precautions are more about managing the condition and preventing further complications:
Early detection and diagnosis are crucial.
Adherence to prescribed treatment plans (bracing, physical therapy, or surgery).
Regular follow-up appointments with a physician.
Maintaining good posture and body mechanics.
Managing any underlying conditions that may be contributing to the scoliosis.
Ensuring adequate nutrition and calcium intake for bone health.
How long does an outbreak last?
Early-Onset Scoliosis is not an infectious disease and therefore does not have outbreaks. The condition is chronic and can progress over time if left untreated.
How is it diagnosed?
Diagnosis typically involves:
Physical Examination: Assessing posture, spinal alignment, and range of motion.
Neurological Examination: To rule out neurological causes.
X-rays: To measure the Cobb angle (degree of spinal curvature) and identify vertebral abnormalities.
MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): May be used to evaluate the spinal cord and surrounding tissues, especially if neurological symptoms are present or if a congenital cause is suspected.
CT Scan (Computed Tomography): May be used to evaluate bony abnormalities in more detail.
Timeline of Symptoms
The timeline of symptoms can vary greatly depending on the type and severity of EOS.
Early Detection (Infancy/Early Childhood): Subtle asymmetries in the trunk, rib prominence, or uneven shoulders/hips may be noted.
Progression (Childhood/Adolescence): Curvature may become more pronounced, leading to more noticeable deformities. Respiratory problems can develop in severe cases.
Untreated EOS: Can lead to significant spinal deformity, chronic pain, cardiopulmonary complications, and reduced quality of life.
Important Considerations
Early intervention is critical to maximize treatment outcomes and minimize long-term complications.
Treatment decisions should be made by a multidisciplinary team, including orthopedic surgeons, pulmonologists, neurologists, and other specialists.
Treatment options depend on the age of the child, the severity and type of scoliosis, and the underlying cause.
Psychosocial support for the child and family is essential, as EOS can impact body image and self-esteem.
Long-term follow-up is needed to monitor for curve progression and address any complications that may arise.