Summary about Disease
Epidermoid cysts are small, benign, slow-growing lumps that develop under the skin. They are filled with keratin, a protein found in skin, hair, and nail cells. They are also sometimes referred to as sebaceous cysts, although this is technically incorrect as they are not associated with sebaceous glands. While generally harmless, they can become inflamed, infected, or painful.
Symptoms
Small, round bump under the skin
Often flesh-colored, white, or yellowish
May have a small dark pore on the surface
Usually painless, but can become tender if inflamed or infected
May produce a foul-smelling, thick, cheese-like substance if ruptured
Redness, swelling, and warmth around the cyst if infected
Causes
Epidermoid cysts form when epidermal cells, which normally shed from the skin surface, move deeper into the skin and multiply. This can happen due to:
Damage to hair follicles
Blockage of oil glands
HPV infection
Genetic predisposition (rare)
Injury to the skin
Medicine Used
4. Medicine used Treatment isn't always necessary unless the cyst is causing problems. Medical interventions may include:
Corticosteroid injections: To reduce inflammation and swelling.
Antibiotics: If the cyst is infected.
Incision and drainage: A small incision is made to drain the cyst contents. This can provide temporary relief, but the cyst may return.
Surgical excision: The entire cyst is removed surgically. This is the most effective way to prevent recurrence.
Laser Removal: CO2 laser treatment can sometimes be used to vaporize the cyst.
Is Communicable
No, epidermoid cysts are not communicable. They are not caused by a virus or bacteria that can be spread from person to person.
Precautions
Avoid squeezing or picking at the cyst: This can lead to inflammation, infection, and scarring.
Keep the area clean and dry: If the cyst ruptures, gently clean the area with soap and water.
Apply a warm compress: This can help reduce inflammation and promote drainage if the cyst is inflamed.
See a doctor if the cyst becomes painful, red, swollen, or infected.
How long does an outbreak last?
Epidermoid cysts don't really have "outbreaks." A single cyst can persist for weeks, months, or even years if left untreated. If it becomes inflamed or infected, symptoms may worsen over a few days to weeks. Surgical removal is typically a permanent solution for that specific cyst.
How is it diagnosed?
Physical examination: A doctor can usually diagnose an epidermoid cyst by looking at it and feeling it.
Skin biopsy: In rare cases, a skin biopsy may be needed to rule out other conditions.
Incisional or excisional biopsy: After excision, the cyst can be sent to pathology to be examined under a microscope.
Ultrasound or other imaging: Imaging is usually not needed but can be done to characterize the cyst.
Timeline of Symptoms
9. Timeline of symptoms The timeline can vary:
Initial appearance: A small, often unnoticed bump appears under the skin.
Slow growth: The cyst gradually increases in size over weeks, months, or years.
Stable period: The cyst may remain stable in size and asymptomatic for a long time.
Inflammation/infection (optional): At any point, the cyst can become inflamed or infected, leading to redness, swelling, pain, and potential drainage. This phase can last days to weeks.
Resolution (optional): With treatment (e.g., antibiotics, drainage), the inflammation or infection may resolve, but the cyst itself remains unless surgically removed.
Important Considerations
While usually benign, a rapidly growing or changing cyst should be evaluated by a doctor to rule out other skin conditions.
Surgical removal can leave a scar. Discuss the risks and benefits of surgery with your doctor.
Recurring cysts in the same location may indicate a deeper underlying issue.
Self-treating infected cysts can be dangerous and can lead to serious complications. Seek professional medical attention.