Summary about Disease
Flatfoot, also known as pes planus or fallen arches, is a condition where the arch on the inside of the foot is flattened, allowing the entire sole of the foot to touch the ground when standing. It can be flexible, meaning the arch appears when the foot is raised, or rigid, meaning the arch is always absent. Many people have flat feet without experiencing any problems, but others may develop pain and other complications.
Symptoms
Pain in the foot, especially in the arch or heel
Pain that worsens with activity
Stiffness in the foot
Pain extending up the leg to the knee, hip, or back
Difficulty standing on toes
Tiredness of the feet
Uneven shoe wear
Swelling along the inside of the ankle
Causes
Genetics (inherited)
Injuries to the foot or ankle
Obesity
Arthritis (especially rheumatoid arthritis)
Nerve damage (from conditions like diabetes)
Posterior tibial tendon dysfunction (PTTD)
Tarsal coalition (bones in the foot fused together)
Ageing (as tendons and ligaments weaken)
Pregnancy (due to hormonal changes and weight gain)
Medicine Used
Over-the-counter pain relievers: Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin), naproxen (Aleve), or acetaminophen (Tylenol) for pain and inflammation.
Prescription pain relievers: In severe cases, a doctor may prescribe stronger pain medication.
Corticosteroid injections: To reduce pain and inflammation, although these are usually not a long-term solution.
Orthotics: Custom or over-the-counter arch supports to provide support and reduce strain on the foot.
Is Communicable
Flatfoot is not communicable. It cannot be spread from person to person.
Precautions
Maintain a healthy weight to reduce stress on your feet.
Wear supportive shoes with good arch support.
Avoid activities that aggravate your pain.
Stretch your Achilles tendon and plantar fascia regularly.
Use orthotics as recommended by your doctor or podiatrist.
Consider physical therapy to strengthen foot and ankle muscles.
Avoid prolonged standing, if possible.
How long does an outbreak last?
Flatfoot is not an outbreak. It is a chronic condition. Symptoms can be managed, but the underlying condition may persist. The duration of symptoms depends on the cause and treatment effectiveness. Some individuals experience intermittent pain, while others may have chronic discomfort.
How is it diagnosed?
Physical examination: A doctor will examine the foot while standing and sitting, and assess the range of motion.
Observation of gait: Watching how you walk can reveal flatfoot.
"Too many toes" sign: Observing if too many toes are visible from behind the patient.
Imaging tests:
X-rays: To view the bones in the foot and rule out other conditions.
MRI: To evaluate the tendons and ligaments.
Ultrasound: to evaluate tendons and ligaments as well.
Timeline of Symptoms
The timeline of symptoms can vary significantly.
Childhood: Some children are born with flexible flatfoot that often resolves on its own.
Adulthood: Flatfoot can develop gradually over time due to wear and tear or suddenly due to injury.
Progression: Symptoms may start mildly and worsen over time if not addressed.
Fluctuations: Pain may fluctuate depending on activity level and footwear.
Important Considerations
Early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent complications.
Not all flat feet require treatment; only those that cause pain or functional limitations.
Surgery is usually a last resort when conservative treatments fail.
Proper footwear is crucial for managing flatfoot.
If you have diabetes or other conditions that affect your feet, regular foot exams are essential.