Summary about Disease
Fungal blepharitis is an inflammation of the eyelids caused by a fungal infection. While less common than bacterial or seborrheic blepharitis, it can cause redness, itching, scaling, and crusting of the eyelids. It can affect one or both eyes.
Symptoms
Redness of the eyelids
Itching of the eyelids
Scaling or flaking of the skin on the eyelids
Crusting at the base of the eyelashes
Burning sensation in the eyes
Excessive tearing
Eyelash loss (in severe cases)
Sensitivity to light
Blurred vision (temporary, due to debris on the cornea)
Causes
Fungal blepharitis is caused by a fungal infection of the eyelids. Common fungal species include:
Malassezia (often associated with seborrheic dermatitis)
Candida
Aspergillus
Fusarium The infection can occur due to:
Poor hygiene
Contact with contaminated surfaces or objects
Weakened immune system
Prolonged use of topical steroids on the eyelids
Pre-existing skin conditions (like seborrheic dermatitis)
Medicine Used
Treatment typically involves antifungal medications:
Topical Antifungal Creams or Ointments: Nystatin, ketoconazole, miconazole, or other antifungal creams applied directly to the eyelids.
Oral Antifungal Medications: In severe or resistant cases, oral antifungal medications like itraconazole or fluconazole may be prescribed.
Antifungal Shampoos: Using antifungal shampoos (ketoconazole) for the scalp and eyebrows can help if Malassezia is suspected. Important: Always consult with a doctor before starting any medication.
Is Communicable
Fungal blepharitis can be communicable, although it's not highly contagious. Transmission can occur through direct contact with infected eyelids or contaminated objects (e.g., towels, makeup).
Precautions
Good Hygiene: Wash hands frequently, especially before touching your eyes.
Avoid Sharing: Do not share towels, washcloths, makeup, or eye drops with others.
Clean Eyelids: Gently clean your eyelids daily with a mild cleanser or eyelid scrub.
Avoid Touching: Avoid touching or rubbing your eyes unnecessarily.
Treat Underlying Conditions: Manage any underlying skin conditions like seborrheic dermatitis.
Proper Contact Lens Care: If you wear contact lenses, follow proper cleaning and disinfection procedures.
Discard Old Makeup: Replace eye makeup regularly, especially mascara and eyeliner.
How long does an outbreak last?
The duration of a fungal blepharitis outbreak varies depending on the severity of the infection and how quickly treatment is started. With proper treatment, symptoms usually improve within a few days to a few weeks. However, it may take longer for the infection to completely clear. In some cases, chronic or recurrent fungal blepharitis can occur.
How is it diagnosed?
Diagnosis typically involves:
Clinical Examination: A doctor will examine your eyelids and eyelashes for signs of inflammation and infection.
Medical History: The doctor will ask about your symptoms, medical history, and any medications you are taking.
Microscopic Examination: A sample of the crust or scales from your eyelids may be taken and examined under a microscope to identify the presence of fungi.
Culture: A culture of the sample may be performed to identify the specific type of fungus causing the infection.
Timeline of Symptoms
The timeline of symptoms can vary, but generally follows this pattern:
Initial Stage: Mild itching and redness of the eyelids.
Progression: Increased itching, redness, scaling, and crusting of the eyelids.
Advanced Stage (if untreated): More severe inflammation, eyelash loss, possible blurry vision, and discomfort.
Important Considerations
Differential Diagnosis: It's important to rule out other causes of blepharitis, such as bacterial infections, seborrheic dermatitis, and allergies.
Compliance with Treatment: Follow your doctor's instructions carefully and complete the full course of treatment, even if your symptoms improve.
Recurrence: Fungal blepharitis can recur, so it's important to maintain good hygiene and address any underlying risk factors.
Consult a Doctor: If your symptoms do not improve with over-the-counter treatments, or if you experience any vision changes, consult a doctor for proper diagnosis and treatment.