Summary about Disease
Hair folliculitis is an inflammation of the hair follicles. It appears as small, itchy bumps or pimples around hair follicles. It can occur anywhere on the body where hair grows. The infection is usually caused by bacteria, but fungi, viruses, and even ingrown hairs can also be responsible. Mild cases often clear up on their own with good hygiene, but more severe or persistent cases may require medical treatment.
Symptoms
Small red bumps or white-headed pimples around hair follicles.
Itching.
Burning sensation.
Pain or tenderness.
Pus-filled blisters that break open and crust over.
In severe cases, large, swollen bumps.
Causes
Bacterial infection: Staphylococcus aureus* is the most common culprit.
Fungal infection: Fungi, like yeast (Malassezia furfur), can cause folliculitis.
Viral infection: Herpes simplex virus can sometimes cause folliculitis.
Ingrown hairs: Especially common after shaving or waxing.
Irritation: From shaving, tight clothing, or excessive sweating.
Blockage of hair follicles: From oils, creams, or other substances.
Hot tubs or spas: Pseudomonas bacteria can thrive in poorly maintained hot tubs, leading to "hot tub folliculitis.
Medicine Used
Topical antibiotics: Mupirocin, clindamycin, or erythromycin.
Oral antibiotics: Cephalexin, dicloxacillin (for more severe bacterial infections).
Antifungal creams, lotions or shampoos: Ketoconazole or ciclopirox (for fungal infections).
Topical steroids: To reduce inflammation and itching (use sparingly).
Oral Antihistamines: To reduce itching.
Is Communicable
Folliculitis itself is not always directly communicable. However, *the underlying infection can be*. For example, if *Staphylococcus aureus* is the cause, the bacteria can spread through direct contact with open sores or contaminated items. Similarly, fungal infections can be contagious. Hot tub folliculitis is also considered communicable through contaminated water.
Precautions
Good hygiene: Wash regularly with soap and water, especially after sweating.
Avoid sharing personal items: Razors, towels, and clothing can harbor bacteria or fungi.
Use clean shaving equipment: Disinfect razors regularly and avoid sharing them. Shave in the direction of hair growth.
Wear loose-fitting clothing: To reduce friction and allow skin to breathe.
Avoid excessive sweating: If possible, take breaks to cool down and change clothes.
Maintain hot tubs and pools: Ensure proper chlorine or bromine levels to prevent bacterial growth.
Avoid scratching: Scratching can worsen the infection and spread it.
Keep affected area clean and dry: This promotes healing.
How long does an outbreak last?
Mild cases of folliculitis often clear up within a few days to a week with good hygiene practices. More severe or persistent cases that require medical treatment can take several weeks to resolve. Chronic folliculitis can recur over months or even years.
How is it diagnosed?
Visual examination: A doctor can often diagnose folliculitis by looking at the affected skin.
Skin culture: A sample of pus or skin cells can be taken and tested to identify the specific bacteria or fungus causing the infection.
Skin biopsy: In rare cases, a small sample of skin may be removed and examined under a microscope to rule out other conditions.
Timeline of Symptoms
Initial Stage: Small red bumps or whiteheads appear around hair follicles. These may be itchy or slightly tender.
Progression (if untreated): Bumps may become more numerous and larger, potentially forming pus-filled blisters. Itching and discomfort can increase.
Resolution (with treatment or naturally): Bumps start to subside, crust over, and heal. Itching gradually decreases.
Important Considerations
Folliculitis can sometimes be mistaken for other skin conditions, such as acne or heat rash.
People with weakened immune systems are more susceptible to severe or recurrent folliculitis.
Chronic or recurrent folliculitis may require ongoing management to prevent flare-ups.
Deep folliculitis can lead to scarring.
See a doctor if symptoms are severe, persistent, or accompanied by fever or other signs of systemic infection.