Summary about Disease
A hangnail is a small, torn piece of skin that separates from the cuticle near the fingernail or toenail. While seemingly minor, it can be painful, unsightly, and can sometimes become infected if not properly cared for. It is not a disease but rather a condition resulting from dry skin, trauma, or improper nail care.
Symptoms
The primary symptom is a small, torn flap of skin at the side of the nail, usually near the cuticle. This skin can be red, inflamed, painful, and sensitive to touch. If infected, the area may also show signs of pus, swelling, increased redness, and throbbing pain.
Causes
Hangnails are usually caused by:
Dry skin (especially in cold weather)
Nail biting or picking
Aggressive or improper manicuring
Repeated exposure to water or harsh chemicals
Trauma to the nail area
Medicine Used
For uncomplicated hangnails, treatment focuses on proper removal and keeping the area clean and moisturized. Antibiotic ointments (e.g., bacitracin, neomycin, polymyxin B) may be used if signs of infection are present. In some cases, if infection is severe, an oral antibiotic prescribed by a doctor may be necessary.
Is Communicable
Hangnails themselves are not communicable. However, if the hangnail becomes infected, the infection (usually bacterial) could potentially spread to others through direct contact, although this is not common.
Precautions
Keep hands and nails moisturized.
Avoid biting or picking nails.
Use cuticle oil regularly.
When manicuring, use proper tools and techniques.
Wear gloves when exposed to water or harsh chemicals.
Properly treat hangnails by trimming them carefully and applying antiseptic.
Avoid pulling or tearing at the hangnail, as this can worsen the condition and increase the risk of infection.
How long does an outbreak last?
An uncomplicated hangnail will typically resolve within a few days after proper trimming and care. An infected hangnail can take longer to heal, potentially a week or more, especially if oral antibiotics are required.
How is it diagnosed?
Hangnails are diagnosed visually. A medical professional can identify the torn skin and assess for signs of infection. No specific lab tests are needed for diagnosis.
Timeline of Symptoms
Day 1: Notice a small piece of skin separating from the nail near the cuticle. May be slightly uncomfortable.
Day 2-3: If left untreated, the hangnail may become more irritated, inflamed, and painful, especially if snagged or pulled.
Day 3 onwards (if infected): Redness, swelling, throbbing pain, and possible pus formation may develop, indicating an infection.
With proper treatment: Pain decreases within a day or two. Inflammation and redness subside within a few days. Complete healing occurs within a week.
Important Considerations
If you have diabetes or a compromised immune system, it's crucial to seek medical attention for any hangnail to prevent serious complications from infection.
Avoid using sharp objects on yourself, instead look for an expert.
Severe hangnails may require professional medical attention.