Summary about Disease
Hemorrhoids are swollen veins in the anus and rectum that can cause pain, itching, and bleeding. They are very common, affecting about half of adults by age 50. Hemorrhoids can be internal (inside the rectum) or external (under the skin around the anus).
Symptoms
Internal Hemorrhoids:
Painless bleeding during bowel movements (bright red blood)
Protrusion during bowel movements (may require manual reduction)
Itching in the anal region
External Hemorrhoids:
Pain, especially while sitting
Itching or irritation in the anal region
Swelling around the anus
Bleeding
A hard, painful lump near the anus (may indicate a thrombosed hemorrhoid)
Causes
Straining during bowel movements
Chronic constipation or diarrhea
Sitting for long periods on the toilet
Obesity
Pregnancy
Anal sex
Aging
Family history of hemorrhoids
Medicine Used
Over-the-counter (OTC) treatments:
Topical creams, ointments, pads, or suppositories containing hydrocortisone, witch hazel, or other soothing agents to relieve itching and pain (e.g., Preparation H, Tucks pads)
Pain relievers such as acetaminophen (Tylenol), ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin), or aspirin
Stool softeners to make bowel movements easier
Prescription medications:
Stronger topical corticosteroids for inflammation and itching
Pain medications (rarely, for severe pain)
Procedures:
Rubber band ligation: A rubber band is placed around the base of the hemorrhoid to cut off its blood supply.
Sclerotherapy: A solution is injected into the hemorrhoid to shrink it.
Infrared coagulation: Heat is used to shrink the hemorrhoid.
Hemorrhoidectomy: Surgical removal of the hemorrhoid (for severe cases).
Stapled hemorrhoidopexy: Repositions prolapsed tissue.
Is Communicable
No, hemorrhoids are not contagious or communicable. You cannot "catch" them from someone else.
Precautions
Eat a high-fiber diet (fruits, vegetables, whole grains) to prevent constipation.
Drink plenty of fluids to stay hydrated.
Avoid straining during bowel movements.
Go to the bathroom as soon as you feel the urge.
Exercise regularly.
Avoid sitting for long periods, especially on the toilet.
Maintain a healthy weight.
Use proper lifting techniques to avoid straining.
Consider using a stool softener if you are prone to constipation.
Practice good hygiene by gently cleaning the anal area after each bowel movement.
How long does an outbreak last?
The duration of hemorrhoid symptoms can vary. Minor hemorrhoids may resolve within a few days with conservative treatment. More severe cases can last for several weeks, or even become chronic, requiring medical intervention. With treatment, most hemorrhoids will improve within a few weeks.
How is it diagnosed?
Physical examination: A doctor will visually inspect the anus and rectum.
Digital rectal exam (DRE): The doctor inserts a gloved, lubricated finger into the rectum to feel for abnormalities.
Anoscopy: A short, lighted tube (anoscope) is inserted into the anus to view the anal canal.
Sigmoidoscopy or Colonoscopy: If there is bleeding or other concerns, a flexible tube with a camera (sigmoidoscope or colonoscope) may be used to examine the lower or entire colon.
Timeline of Symptoms
The onset of symptoms can be gradual or sudden.
Early Stages: Mild itching or discomfort, possibly with slight bleeding.
Progression: Increased pain, more frequent bleeding, possible prolapse (protrusion) of internal hemorrhoids.
Advanced Stages: Severe pain, significant bleeding, thrombosed hemorrhoids (hard, painful lumps), potential complications like anemia.
Important Considerations
Rectal bleeding can be a symptom of other, more serious conditions, such as colon cancer. It's important to see a doctor to rule out other causes.
Self-treating hemorrhoids for an extended period without improvement warrants medical evaluation.
Pregnant women are more prone to hemorrhoids; discuss treatment options with their healthcare provider.
Good hygiene is crucial to prevent infection and promote healing.
Lifestyle modifications can significantly reduce the risk of developing or worsening hemorrhoids.