Summary about Disease
Hypertrichosis is a condition characterized by excessive hair growth on any part of the body. This growth can be localized to a specific area or generalized, covering a large portion of the body. It can be congenital (present at birth) or acquired later in life. There are several types of hypertrichosis, including generalized hypertrichosis, localized hypertrichosis, lanugo hypertrichosis, congenital generalized hypertrichosis (Ambras syndrome), and acquired hypertrichosis.
Symptoms
The primary symptom of hypertrichosis is excessive hair growth, which can vary in:
Location: Any area of the body, either localized or generalized.
Type of Hair: The hair can be lanugo (fine, soft hair), vellus (short, fine hair), or terminal (thick, pigmented hair).
Density: The amount of hair can vary from sparse to dense.
Onset: Can be present at birth or develop later in life.
Associated Skin Changes: May or may not have other skin abnormalities associated.
Causes
The causes of hypertrichosis vary depending on the type:
Congenital Hypertrichosis: Genetic mutations are often the underlying cause. Specific gene mutations have been linked to different forms of congenital hypertrichosis.
Acquired Hypertrichosis: Various factors can trigger acquired hypertrichosis, including:
Certain medications (e.g., minoxidil, phenytoin, cyclosporine).
Malnutrition
Endocrine disorders (e.g., thyroid abnormalities, polycystic ovary syndrome).
Tumors
Porphyria
Certain infections
Dermatomyositis
Local irritation or trauma to the skin.
Medicine Used
There is no specific "cure" for hypertrichosis, but several hair removal methods can manage the symptoms:
Temporary Methods:
Shaving
Waxing
Depilatory creams
Threading
Plucking
Longer-Lasting/Permanent Methods:
Laser hair removal
Electrolysis
Eflornithine (Vaniqa): A topical cream that slows hair growth in women, specifically for facial hair.
Addressing Underlying Cause: If acquired hypertrichosis is caused by a medication, discontinuing the drug (under medical supervision) may reduce hair growth. If caused by an endocrine disorder, treating the underlying disorder might help.
Is Communicable
Hypertrichosis is not communicable. It is not contagious and cannot be spread from person to person.
Precautions
There are no specific precautions to prevent congenital hypertrichosis, as it is genetically determined. For acquired hypertrichosis:
Medication Awareness: Be aware of the potential side effects of medications, especially those known to cause hypertrichosis. Discuss alternatives with your doctor if needed.
Medical Evaluation: If you experience sudden, excessive hair growth, consult a doctor to rule out underlying medical conditions.
Sun Protection: Some forms of hypertrichosis can be exacerbated by sun exposure. Protect affected areas with sunscreen and protective clothing.
Gentle Skin Care: Avoid harsh chemicals or abrasive treatments on affected skin.
How long does an outbreak last?
Hypertrichosis is not an "outbreak" in the traditional sense of an infectious disease. It is a chronic condition. Congenital forms are present from birth and persist throughout life. Acquired forms can last as long as the causative factor is present (e.g., medication use, underlying disease). Hair removal methods provide temporary relief, but the hair will typically regrow.
How is it diagnosed?
Diagnosis typically involves:
Physical Examination: A doctor will examine the pattern and distribution of hair growth.
Medical History: The doctor will ask about family history, medications, and any underlying medical conditions.
Blood Tests: May be performed to rule out endocrine disorders or other underlying medical conditions.
Skin Biopsy: In rare cases, a skin biopsy may be performed to examine the hair follicles and skin cells.
Genetic Testing: For congenital forms, genetic testing can identify specific gene mutations.
Timeline of Symptoms
Congenital Hypertrichosis: Symptoms are present at birth or shortly thereafter. The hair growth pattern typically remains consistent throughout life.
Acquired Hypertrichosis: Symptoms develop over time, often gradually. The timeline depends on the underlying cause. For example, hair growth may appear within weeks or months of starting a medication. The timeline for symptoms to resolve after addressing the underlying cause also varies.
Important Considerations
Psychological Impact: Hypertrichosis can significantly impact self-esteem and body image. Counseling or support groups can be helpful.
Differential Diagnosis: It's important to differentiate hypertrichosis from hirsutism, which is excessive hair growth in women in a male-like pattern due to androgen excess.
Ongoing Management: Hypertrichosis often requires ongoing management with hair removal methods. The best method depends on the individual's preferences and the location and extent of hair growth.
Medical Supervision: It is important to consult with a healthcare professional for diagnosis and management of hypertrichosis, especially to rule out underlying medical conditions that may require treatment.