Summary about Disease
Idiopathic Hypersomnia (IH) is a neurological sleep disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) despite normal or prolonged nighttime sleep. Individuals with IH experience significant difficulty waking up, often feeling unrefreshed and groggy (sleep inertia). Unlike narcolepsy, IH typically lacks cataplexy (sudden muscle weakness triggered by strong emotions) and often involves longer, unrefreshing naps. The term "idiopathic" means the cause is unknown.
Symptoms
Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS)
Prolonged nighttime sleep (often >10 hours)
Difficulty waking up (sleep inertia)
Unrefreshing naps
Cognitive difficulties (e.g., memory, concentration)
Automatic behaviors (performing tasks without conscious awareness)
Headaches
Irritability
Anxiety
Depression
Causes
The cause of idiopathic hypersomnia is currently unknown. Research suggests potential factors involved:
Genetic predisposition
Neurochemical imbalances (e.g., in neurotransmitters regulating sleep and wakefulness)
Possible link to viral infections
Medicine Used
There is no cure for IH, and treatment focuses on managing symptoms. Medications commonly used include:
Stimulants: Modafinil, Armodafinil, Methylphenidate
Clarithromycin: An antibiotic that has shown promise in some cases
Other medications: Pitolisant, Sodium Oxybate (if coexisting conditions require treatment)
Is Communicable
No, idiopathic hypersomnia is not a communicable disease. It is not contagious and cannot be spread from person to person.
Precautions
Since there is no cure and the cause is unknown, there is no preventative action. However, those who are afflicted with IH should avoid activities when they feel tired such as driving.
How long does an outbreak last?
Idiopathic hypersomnia is not an "outbreak." It is a chronic condition. Symptoms may fluctuate in intensity, but the disorder itself is persistent.
How is it diagnosed?
Diagnosis typically involves:
Clinical evaluation: Review of medical history and sleep patterns.
Polysomnography (PSG): Overnight sleep study to rule out other sleep disorders.
Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT): Measures how quickly you fall asleep during the day.
Exclusion of other conditions: Ruling out other causes of excessive sleepiness (e.g., sleep apnea, narcolepsy, depression).
Timeline of Symptoms
The onset of symptoms can vary. It can start gradually or more abruptly, typically in adolescence or young adulthood. The course of the condition is chronic, with symptoms often persisting throughout life. There may be periods of worsening or improvement in symptom severity.
Important Considerations
Idiopathic hypersomnia can significantly impact daily life, affecting work, school, and relationships.
Diagnosis can be challenging, as symptoms may overlap with other sleep disorders.
Treatment is individualized and focuses on symptom management.
Support groups and online communities can provide valuable resources and emotional support.
Consult a sleep specialist for proper diagnosis and treatment.