Summary about Disease
An incisional hernia occurs when tissue protrudes through a surgical scar (incision) in the abdominal wall. It develops due to weakness in the abdominal muscles where the incision was made, allowing the abdominal lining, omentum (fatty tissue), or even a portion of the intestine to bulge through. It can vary in size and severity, sometimes causing discomfort or pain.
Symptoms
A visible bulge or lump near the site of a previous surgical incision.
Discomfort, aching, or pain at the site of the bulge, especially when straining, lifting, or coughing.
A feeling of pressure or fullness in the abdomen.
Nausea or vomiting (if the hernia is large or causing bowel obstruction).
Constipation (if the hernia is affecting the bowel).
Causes
Weakened abdominal muscles after surgery.
Incision infection after surgery.
Obesity.
Straining or heavy lifting after surgery.
Chronic coughing.
Poor nutrition.
Smoking.
Age (older individuals have weaker tissues).
Certain medications, such as steroids.
Medicine Used
There are no medications that can cure an incisional hernia. Treatment focuses on managing symptoms and preventing complications. Pain relievers (over-the-counter or prescription) can help with discomfort. If surgery is performed, antibiotics may be prescribed to prevent infection. Stool softeners might be recommended to prevent straining during bowel movements.
Is Communicable
No, an incisional hernia is not communicable. It's a mechanical problem related to the abdominal wall's integrity and not caused by an infectious agent.
Precautions
Maintain a healthy weight.
Avoid heavy lifting or straining.
Use proper lifting techniques (bend your knees, not your back).
Control chronic cough.
Get adequate nutrition.
Quit smoking.
Support your abdomen during activities that cause strain (e.g., coughing, sneezing) after surgery and generally if you have an incisional hernia.
Consider wearing an abdominal binder or support garment if recommended by your doctor.
How long does an outbreak last?
An incisional hernia is not an "outbreak". It's a chronic condition. It will persist unless surgically repaired. Symptoms may fluctuate in intensity depending on activity level and other factors.
How is it diagnosed?
Physical Examination: The doctor will examine the abdomen, looking for a bulge and feeling for tenderness. The patient may be asked to stand or cough to make the hernia more prominent.
Imaging Tests:
Ultrasound: Can visualize the hernia and surrounding tissues.
CT Scan: Provides more detailed images of the abdominal wall and organs, especially helpful for larger or complex hernias.
MRI: An alternative to CT scans in some cases.
Timeline of Symptoms
The timeline can vary:
Shortly After Surgery: The hernia may appear within weeks or months after surgery, often noticed as a small bulge.
Gradual Development: In some cases, the hernia may develop slowly over years, with the bulge gradually increasing in size and symptoms worsening over time.
Intermittent Symptoms: Initially, symptoms might be mild and intermittent, only occurring with activity or straining.
Progressive Symptoms: As the hernia grows, symptoms become more persistent and bothersome, potentially leading to pain, discomfort, and complications.
Important Considerations
Incisional hernias do not heal on their own and typically require surgical repair.
Surgical repair can be done through open surgery or laparoscopically (minimally invasive).
The type of surgical repair depends on the size and location of the hernia, as well as the patient's overall health.
Recurrence is possible even after surgical repair.
Seek medical attention promptly if you suspect you have an incisional hernia, especially if you experience severe pain, nausea, vomiting, or an inability to pass stool.
The decision to repair a hernia is made on an individual basis with patient and physician input, considering the risks and benefits of the procedure.