Summary about Disease
Infantile hemangiomas (IHs), commonly known as strawberry marks or strawberry hemangiomas, are benign vascular tumors that appear during infancy. They are characterized by rapid growth followed by slow, spontaneous involution (shrinking) over several years. While often harmless, they can sometimes cause complications depending on their location and size.
Symptoms
A red, raised mark on the skin, often resembling a strawberry.
Can be flat or raised, smooth or bumpy.
May start as a small red spot and grow rapidly in the first few months.
Most commonly appear on the head, neck, or face, but can occur anywhere on the body.
May bleed or ulcerate in some cases.
Large hemangiomas near the eyes, nose, or mouth can interfere with vision, breathing, or feeding.
Causes
The exact cause is not fully understood, but it's believed to be related to an abnormal proliferation of blood vessel cells. Certain factors may increase the risk, such as:
Premature birth
Low birth weight
Female gender
Multiple births (twins, triplets, etc.)
Advanced maternal age
Medicine Used
Topical Beta-Blockers (Timolol): Used for small, superficial hemangiomas.
Oral Beta-Blockers (Propranolol): First-line treatment for larger or problematic hemangiomas.
Corticosteroids: Used less frequently due to side effects.
Laser Therapy: Can be used to reduce redness and size, particularly after the growth phase.
Surgery: Rarely needed, but may be considered for residual tissue or complications.
Is Communicable
No, infantile hemangiomas are not communicable. They are not caused by infection and cannot be spread from person to person.
Precautions
Monitor the hemangioma for rapid growth, ulceration, or bleeding.
Protect the area from trauma or rubbing.
Seek medical attention if the hemangioma is near the eyes, nose, mouth, or genitals, or if it interferes with normal functions.
Follow the doctor's instructions regarding medication and follow-up appointments.
How long does an outbreak last?
Infantile hemangiomas have a characteristic life cycle:
Proliferation Phase: Rapid growth during the first 5-6 months of life.
Plateau Phase: Growth slows or stops around 9-12 months.
Involution Phase: Slow shrinking and fading, which can last for several years (typically until around age 5-10). The entire process can take several years.
How is it diagnosed?
Physical Examination: Usually diagnosed based on its appearance and location.
Medical History: Review of the infant's medical history and birth details.
Imaging Studies: In rare cases, ultrasound or MRI may be needed to assess the depth and extent of the hemangioma, especially if it's deep or near vital structures.
Timeline of Symptoms
At Birth: May be absent or appear as a faint red mark or bruise.
First Few Weeks/Months: Rapid growth phase; the hemangioma becomes raised, red, and more prominent.
Around 6-12 Months: Growth slows down and may stop.
After 1 Year: Gradual fading and shrinking over several years.
Important Considerations
Most infantile hemangiomas do not require treatment and will resolve on their own.
Treatment is indicated if the hemangioma is causing complications or affecting vital functions.
Early intervention is often more effective than waiting for spontaneous involution.
Parents should be educated about the natural history of hemangiomas and the available treatment options.
Psychological support may be needed for parents concerned about the appearance of the hemangioma.