Summary about Disease
Joint hyperlaxity, also known as joint hypermobility syndrome (JHS) or benign joint hypermobility syndrome (BJHS), is a condition characterized by joints that stretch farther than normal. This can affect just a few joints or many joints throughout the body. While some people with hypermobile joints experience no symptoms, others may experience a range of problems.
Symptoms
Symptoms can vary greatly in severity. Common symptoms include:
Joint pain and stiffness
Clicking or popping joints
Recurrent dislocations or subluxations (partial dislocations)
Fatigue
Muscle pain
Skin that bruises easily
Digestive issues (e.g., irritable bowel syndrome)
Anxiety and depression
Causes
The exact cause is not fully understood, but it is thought to involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors. A defect in collagen (a protein that provides strength and elasticity to connective tissues) is often implicated. It can be inherited, meaning it runs in families.
Medicine Used
There is no specific cure, and treatment focuses on managing symptoms. Medications used can include:
Pain relievers (over-the-counter or prescription) such as NSAIDs (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) to reduce pain and inflammation.
Muscle relaxants to ease muscle spasms.
In some cases, stronger pain medications.
Is Communicable
No, joint hyperlaxity is not communicable. It is not an infectious disease and cannot be spread from person to person.
Precautions
Precautions focus on protecting the joints and managing symptoms:
Exercise regularly to strengthen muscles around the joints. Physiotherapy can be helpful.
Use proper posture and body mechanics to avoid strain on joints.
Avoid activities that overstretch the joints.
Use supportive devices like braces or splints if needed.
Maintain a healthy weight to reduce stress on joints.
Pace activities to avoid overexertion.
How long does an outbreak last?
Joint hyperlaxity is a chronic condition, not an outbreak. Symptoms can fluctuate in intensity over time, but the underlying hypermobility persists.
How is it diagnosed?
Diagnosis is typically based on a physical examination and the Beighton score. The Beighton score assesses the degree of joint flexibility through a series of maneuvers. A score of 4/9 or higher, along with other symptoms, can suggest hypermobility. Further investigations, like X-rays, might be done to rule out other conditions.
Timeline of Symptoms
The onset of symptoms varies. Some people are aware of their hypermobility from a young age, while others may not develop symptoms until later in life, often triggered by an injury or period of increased activity. Symptoms can be intermittent or persistent.
Important Considerations
Individuals with hypermobility should be evaluated by a healthcare professional.
Physiotherapy is a key component of management.
Self-management strategies, such as pacing and appropriate exercise, are important.
Joint hyperlaxity can be associated with other conditions, such as Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, so a thorough evaluation is crucial.