Summary about Disease
Juvenile kyphosis, also known as Scheuermann's disease, is a structural deformity of the spine characterized by excessive curvature of the thoracic (upper back) vertebrae. It typically develops during adolescence, coinciding with growth spurts. The condition results from wedge-shaped vertebrae that lead to a rounded, hunched-over posture. It's distinct from postural kyphosis, which is often correctable.
Symptoms
Rounded back or hunched posture (noticeable from the side)
Back pain, often aggravated by activity or prolonged standing
Stiffness in the back
Tight hamstrings
Forward head posture
In some cases, neurological symptoms (rare)
Causes
The exact cause of Scheuermann's disease is unknown, but several factors are thought to contribute:
Genetics: There may be a hereditary component.
Abnormal bone growth: The vertebral bodies develop unevenly, leading to a wedge shape instead of a rectangular shape.
Cartilage abnormalities: Problems with the cartilage endplates of the vertebrae.
Mechanical factors: Uneven loading of the spine during growth.
Medicine Used
Medication is primarily used to manage pain and discomfort. Common options include:
Over-the-counter pain relievers: Acetaminophen (Tylenol) or ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) for mild to moderate pain.
Prescription pain relievers: Stronger pain medications may be prescribed for more severe pain.
Muscle relaxants: To alleviate muscle spasms.
Bisphosphonates: In rare cases, these medications may be considered to improve bone density.
Is Communicable
No, Juvenile kyphosis is not communicable. It is not an infectious disease and cannot be spread from person to person.
Precautions
Maintain good posture.
Engage in regular stretching and strengthening exercises, especially for the back and core muscles.
Avoid activities that exacerbate pain or put excessive strain on the spine.
Maintain a healthy weight.
Use proper lifting techniques.
Follow a doctor's recommendations for bracing or physical therapy.
How long does an outbreak last?
Juvenile Kyphosis is not an outbreak or infectious condition. The condition develops gradually during adolescence and can persist throughout life if not managed. Symptoms may fluctuate in severity. There is no specific "outbreak" timeline associated with this disease.
How is it diagnosed?
Physical examination: Assessing posture, range of motion, and spinal alignment.
X-rays: Imaging of the spine to visualize the shape of the vertebrae and measure the degree of kyphosis. A kyphosis angle greater than 45 degrees, along with vertebral wedging and Schmorl's nodes, are diagnostic features.
MRI: May be used in some cases to evaluate soft tissues and rule out other conditions.
Timeline of Symptoms
Early adolescence (ages 10-15): Initial development of the rounded back. Mild pain or stiffness may be present.
Mid-adolescence: Kyphosis becomes more noticeable. Pain may increase, especially with activity. Posture worsens.
Late adolescence/early adulthood: Kyphosis is typically fully developed. Pain may persist or decrease. Stiffness and postural issues remain.
Adulthood: The degree of kyphosis usually stabilizes. Chronic back pain, fatigue, and postural problems may continue.
Important Considerations
Early diagnosis and management are important to prevent progression of the deformity.
Bracing can be effective in younger individuals with flexible spines.
Surgery may be considered in severe cases or if conservative treatment fails.
Physical therapy plays a crucial role in strengthening muscles, improving posture, and managing pain.
Individuals with Scheuermann's disease may be at increased risk of developing back pain, spinal stenosis, and other spinal problems later in life.