Summary about Disease
Kissing disease, also known as infectious mononucleosis or "mono," is a contagious illness typically caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). It's most common in teenagers and young adults but can affect people of all ages. Mono is characterized by fatigue, fever, sore throat, and swollen lymph nodes. While uncomfortable, most people recover fully with rest and supportive care.
Symptoms
Common symptoms include:
Extreme fatigue
Fever
Sore throat (often severe)
Swollen lymph nodes in the neck and armpits
Headache
Body aches
Skin rash
Swollen tonsils (sometimes with pus)
Enlarged spleen (in some cases)
Loss of appetite
Causes
The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is the most common cause of mononucleosis. Less frequently, mono can be caused by other viruses, such as cytomegalovirus (CMV). The virus is typically spread through saliva, which is why it's often called "kissing disease." It can also be spread through sharing drinks, food, or personal items like toothbrushes.
Medicine Used
There is no specific antiviral medication to cure mononucleosis. Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms:
Pain relievers: Over-the-counter pain relievers like acetaminophen (Tylenol) or ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) can help reduce fever and pain. Aspirin should be avoided in children and teenagers due to the risk of Reye's syndrome.
Rest: Getting plenty of rest is crucial for recovery.
Sore throat remedies: Gargling with warm salt water, using throat lozenges, or drinking warm tea with honey can soothe a sore throat.
Corticosteroids: In rare cases, corticosteroids (such as prednisone) may be prescribed to reduce swelling in the throat or around the spleen.
Is Communicable
Yes, mononucleosis is communicable. It is spread primarily through saliva.
Precautions
To prevent the spread of mononucleosis:
Avoid kissing or sharing drinks, food, or personal items (like toothbrushes, utensils, or water bottles) with others, especially when you're feeling sick.
Wash your hands frequently with soap and water.
Cover your mouth and nose when you cough or sneeze.
If you have mono, avoid strenuous activities, especially contact sports, to reduce the risk of spleen rupture.
How long does an outbreak last?
The duration of mononucleosis symptoms varies, but most people recover within 2 to 4 weeks. However, fatigue can persist for several weeks or even months in some individuals. In rare cases, complications can prolong the illness.
How is it diagnosed?
Mononucleosis is typically diagnosed based on a physical exam and blood tests:
Physical exam: A doctor will check for symptoms like swollen lymph nodes, tonsils, and spleen.
Monospot test: This blood test detects antibodies to the Epstein-Barr virus. It's a rapid test but can sometimes give false-negative results, especially early in the illness.
EBV antibody tests: More specific blood tests can identify different antibodies to EBV, helping to confirm the diagnosis and determine the stage of the infection.
Complete blood count (CBC): This blood test can show an elevated white blood cell count, which is common in mono.
Timeline of Symptoms
The timeline of mononucleosis symptoms can vary from person to person. A general outline:
Incubation period: 4-6 weeks after exposure to EBV before symptoms appear.
Prodromal phase: 1-2 weeks of mild symptoms like fatigue, malaise, and muscle aches.
Acute phase: 1-2 weeks of more severe symptoms like fever, sore throat, swollen lymph nodes, and extreme fatigue.
Recovery phase: Several weeks or months during which symptoms gradually improve. Fatigue may persist for an extended period.
Important Considerations
Spleen rupture: An enlarged spleen is a potential complication of mononucleosis. Avoid contact sports or heavy lifting for several weeks or months to prevent rupture.
Liver inflammation: Mono can cause mild liver inflammation (hepatitis), which usually resolves on its own.
Secondary infections: In rare cases, people with mono can develop secondary infections, such as strep throat or sinus infections.
Chronic EBV infection: Although rare, EBV can sometimes cause chronic or recurrent infections.
Diagnosis during pregnancy: If a pregnant woman suspects she has Mono, it's crucial to consult a doctor.
Seek medical advice: If you suspect you have mono, it's important to see a doctor for diagnosis and to rule out other conditions.