Summary about Disease
Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease that occurs when the cartilage in the knee joint gradually breaks down. This breakdown causes pain, stiffness, and reduced range of motion. It's a very common condition, especially as people age.
Symptoms
Pain: Can range from mild to severe, often worsening with activity.
Stiffness: Especially noticeable in the morning or after periods of inactivity.
Swelling: Around the knee joint.
Tenderness: To the touch around the knee.
Grating sensation: A popping, clicking, or grinding feeling in the knee when moving.
Decreased range of motion: Difficulty bending or straightening the knee fully.
Bone spurs: Hard lumps may form around the joint.
Causes
Age: Risk increases with age.
Weight: Excess weight puts more stress on knee joints.
Genetics: Family history of osteoarthritis increases risk.
Previous injuries: Knee injuries (e.g., ligament tears, fractures) can increase risk later in life.
Repetitive stress: Jobs or activities that involve repetitive knee motions.
Bone deformities: Congenital or acquired bone deformities can contribute.
Certain medical conditions: Such as rheumatoid arthritis, gout, or metabolic disorders.
Medicine Used
Pain relievers:
Acetaminophen (Tylenol)
NSAIDs (Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) like ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) and naproxen (Aleve)
Topical NSAIDs (creams or gels)
Duloxetine (Cymbalta) for chronic pain.
Corticosteroids: Injections into the knee to reduce inflammation.
Hyaluronic acid injections: To lubricate the joint.
Supplements: Glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate (efficacy is debated).
Is Communicable
No, knee osteoarthritis is not a communicable disease. It is not contagious and cannot be spread from person to person.
Precautions
Maintain a healthy weight.
Engage in regular exercise (low-impact activities like swimming, walking, cycling).
Use proper lifting techniques.
Wear supportive shoes.
Use assistive devices (cane, walker) if needed.
Avoid activities that worsen pain.
Physical Therapy: Strengthening exercises, range of motion exercises, and modalities like heat/cold therapy.
How long does an outbreak last?
Osteoarthritis isn't characterized by outbreaks. It's a chronic, progressive condition. Symptoms can fluctuate in intensity over time, with periods of increased pain (flare-ups), but the underlying condition is always present. Flare-ups can last for days, weeks, or even months.
How is it diagnosed?
Physical exam: Doctor will check for tenderness, swelling, range of motion, and joint stability.
X-rays: To reveal cartilage loss, bone spurs, and joint space narrowing.
MRI: May be used to provide more detailed images of soft tissues and cartilage.
Joint aspiration: Fluid may be withdrawn from the joint to rule out other conditions.
Review of Medical History: To assess risk factors and other possible causes of symptoms.
Timeline of Symptoms
Osteoarthritis typically develops gradually over months or years.
Early stages: Intermittent pain that occurs with activity and improves with rest.
Progressive stages: Pain becomes more frequent and persistent, even at rest. Stiffness increases, and range of motion decreases. Swelling may become more noticeable.
Late stages: Severe, chronic pain that significantly limits daily activities. Joint deformity may occur.
Important Considerations
OA is a chronic condition and management focuses on pain relief and improving function.
Treatment plans are individualized based on the severity of symptoms and the patient's overall health.
Surgery (e.g., knee replacement) may be an option for severe cases when conservative treatments are not effective.
Early diagnosis and intervention can help slow the progression of the disease and improve quality of life.
Mental Health: Chronic pain can affect mood and lead to anxiety or depression. Addressing mental health is important.