Symptoms
The most obvious sign of craniosynostosis is an abnormally shaped skull. Other symptoms can include:
A raised, hard ridge along the affected sutures.
A soft spot (fontanel) on the baby's skull that disappears earlier than normal.
Limited or absent growth of the head as the baby grows.
Increased pressure inside the skull (intracranial pressure), which can cause headaches, vomiting, irritability, lethargy, vision problems, and developmental delays.
Poor feeding
Seizures.
Causes
In most cases, the exact cause of craniosynostosis is unknown. However, it is believed to be a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Some cases are associated with specific genetic syndromes (e.g., Apert syndrome, Pfeiffer syndrome, Crouzon syndrome). Certain metabolic disorders can also cause Craniosynostosis.
Medicine Used
There is no medicine used to treat craniosynostosis. Treatment is primarily surgical. Pain medication is sometimes given following surgery to reduce discomfort.
Is Communicable
Craniosynostosis is not communicable. It is not an infectious disease and cannot be spread from person to person.
Precautions
Since the cause is often unknown, there are no specific precautions to prevent craniosynostosis. Prenatal care and avoiding exposure to known teratogens (substances that can cause birth defects) during pregnancy may help minimize risk. Genetic counseling may be helpful for families with a history of craniosynostosis.
How long does an outbreak last?
Craniosynostosis is not an outbreak.
How is it diagnosed?
Craniosynostosis is typically diagnosed through a physical examination of the baby's head. The doctor will look for the characteristic signs of the condition, such as an abnormally shaped skull and a raised ridge along the affected sutures. Diagnostic imaging tests, such as X-rays and CT scans, may be used to confirm the diagnosis and determine the specific sutures involved. Genetic testing may be performed to look for genetic syndromes associated with craniosynostosis.
Timeline of Symptoms
The abnormal head shape or other signs of craniosynostosis are usually noticeable at birth or within the first few months of life. Intracranial pressure symptoms develop over time as the brain grows within the restricted space. Developmental delays will also appear at later stages of development.
Important Considerations
Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to minimize potential complications, such as increased intracranial pressure and developmental delays.
Surgical treatment may involve open surgery or minimally invasive endoscopic surgery.
Post-operative care and follow-up appointments are essential to monitor for any complications and ensure proper skull development.
Some children with craniosynostosis may require additional therapies, such as speech therapy or occupational therapy, to address any developmental delays.
Genetic counseling is recommended for families with a history of craniosynostosis to assess the risk of recurrence in future pregnancies.