Summary about Disease
Kyphosis refers to an excessive curvature of the spine, most often in the thoracic (upper back) area. This results in a rounded or hunched-over posture. It can range from mild to severe, and different types exist based on the underlying cause.
Symptoms
Rounded or hunched back
Back pain and stiffness
Muscle fatigue
Tenderness in the spine
Difficulty breathing or swallowing (in severe cases)
Headaches
Numbness or weakness in legs or feet (in very severe cases impacting nerves)
Causes
Postural Kyphosis: Poor posture over time
Scheuermann's Disease: Structural kyphosis that develops during growth spurts in adolescence, affecting the shape of vertebrae.
Congenital Kyphosis: Present at birth due to malformation of the spinal column during fetal development.
Age-related Degeneration: Weakening of the spinal bones (vertebrae) due to arthritis or osteoporosis.
Fractures: Compression fractures of the vertebrae.
Other conditions: Tumors, infections, or neuromuscular diseases.
Medicine Used
Pain relievers: Over-the-counter medications like ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) or naproxen (Aleve) for pain management. Prescription pain medications might be needed for severe pain.
Muscle relaxants: To relieve muscle spasms.
Osteoporosis medications: Bisphosphonates or other drugs to strengthen bones if osteoporosis is a contributing factor.
Vitamin D and Calcium Supplements: To support bone health, especially in cases related to osteoporosis.
Is Communicable
Kyphosis is not communicable. It is not caused by an infectious agent and cannot be transmitted from person to person.
Precautions
Maintain good posture: Be mindful of posture while sitting, standing, and lifting.
Exercise regularly: Strengthen core and back muscles.
Maintain a healthy weight: Excess weight can strain the spine.
Proper lifting techniques: Bend your knees and keep your back straight when lifting heavy objects.
Ergonomic workstation: Ensure your workspace is set up to promote good posture.
Fall prevention: To avoid fractures related to osteoporosis.
Bone density screenings: To check for osteoporosis.
How long does an outbreak last?
Kyphosis is not an infectious disease, so there are no outbreaks. The condition itself is a structural issue and has a course depending on the underlying cause and severity. Symptoms may fluctuate.
How is it diagnosed?
Physical Examination: Doctor will assess posture, range of motion, and reflexes.
Medical History: Review of symptoms, medical conditions, and family history.
X-rays: To measure the degree of spinal curvature and identify any vertebral abnormalities.
MRI or CT Scan: May be needed to evaluate the spinal cord, nerves, or soft tissues if there are neurological symptoms or suspicion of tumors or infections.
Bone Density Test: To check for osteoporosis.
Timeline of Symptoms
The timeline of symptoms depends on the cause:
Postural Kyphosis: Gradual onset, often worsening over time with prolonged poor posture.
Scheuermann's Disease: Develops during adolescence, with symptoms worsening during growth spurts.
Age-related Degeneration: Gradual onset, worsening with age and progression of arthritis or osteoporosis.
Fractures: Sudden onset of pain following an injury.
Congenital Kyphosis: Present at birth.
Important Considerations
Early diagnosis and treatment are essential, especially for conditions like Scheuermann's disease or congenital kyphosis.
Treatment options vary based on the cause and severity.
Surgery may be considered for severe cases that do not respond to conservative treatment.
Physical therapy plays a crucial role in strengthening muscles, improving posture, and reducing pain.
Psychological support may be helpful for individuals experiencing body image issues or chronic pain.