Summary about Disease
Lymphocytic vasculitis (LV) is a type of cutaneous small-vessel vasculitis characterized by inflammation of the blood vessels in the skin, specifically involving lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell). It primarily affects the small vessels in the dermis. This inflammation leads to damage of the blood vessel walls, causing a range of skin manifestations.
Symptoms
Palpable purpura (raised, purplish spots due to bleeding under the skin)
Macules (flat, discolored spots)
Papules (small, raised bumps)
Vesicles (small, fluid-filled blisters)
Ulcers (open sores, in severe cases)
Itching
Burning or painful sensations
Lesions typically appear on the lower legs and ankles, but can also occur on other areas of the body.
Causes
The cause of lymphocytic vasculitis is often unknown (idiopathic). However, potential triggers include:
Infections (e.g., streptococcal infections, viral infections like hepatitis)
Medications (e.g., antibiotics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [NSAIDs], diuretics)
Autoimmune diseases (e.g., lupus, rheumatoid arthritis)
Allergens
Certain cancers
Cryoglobulinemia
Medicine Used
Treatment focuses on reducing inflammation and managing symptoms. Common medications include:
Topical corticosteroids: To reduce inflammation and itching.
Oral corticosteroids (e.g., prednisone): For more severe cases.
Antihistamines: To alleviate itching.
Colchicine: An anti-inflammatory medication.
Dapsone: An antibiotic with anti-inflammatory properties.
Immunosuppressants (e.g., azathioprine, methotrexate): For severe or refractory cases.
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): To help with pain and inflammation.
Compression therapy: to improve blood flow.
Is Communicable
Lymphocytic vasculitis is not communicable. It is not contagious and cannot be spread from person to person.
Precautions
Avoid known triggers (e.g., medications, allergens).
Elevate legs when sitting or lying down to reduce swelling.
Wear compression stockings to improve circulation.
Protect affected areas from injury.
Keep skin clean and moisturized.
Avoid prolonged standing or sitting.
Manage underlying medical conditions (e.g., autoimmune diseases).
How long does an outbreak last?
The duration of an outbreak varies depending on the cause and severity of the condition. It can range from a few weeks to several months. Chronic or recurrent lymphocytic vasculitis can persist for years with periods of flare-ups and remission.
How is it diagnosed?
Diagnosis typically involves:
Medical history and physical examination: To assess symptoms and potential triggers.
Skin biopsy: A small sample of affected skin is examined under a microscope to confirm vasculitis and identify the type of inflammatory cells involved (lymphocytes).
Blood tests: To rule out underlying medical conditions (e.g., infections, autoimmune diseases).
Urinalysis: To assess kidney function and look for signs of systemic involvement.
Timeline of Symptoms
The timeline of symptoms can vary, but a general progression might include:
Initial Stage: Appearance of small, red or purple spots (macules or papules), often on the lower legs.
Progression: Spots may become raised (palpable purpura) and develop into blisters (vesicles).
Chronic Stage (if applicable): Recurrent or persistent lesions, with periods of flare-ups and remission.
Late stage (if applicable): Ulceration occurs on skin.
Important Considerations
Lymphocytic vasculitis can be a sign of an underlying systemic disease, so it's important to identify and manage any associated conditions.
Long-term management may be necessary to prevent recurrence.
Sun protection is important, as sun exposure can worsen some cases.
Follow-up with a dermatologist or rheumatologist is crucial to monitor the condition and adjust treatment as needed.
Avoid scratching or picking at lesions to prevent infection and scarring.
Report any new or worsening symptoms to your healthcare provider.