Summary about Disease
Mountain sickness, also known as acute mountain sickness (AMS), is a condition that can occur when you travel to high altitudes too quickly. The decreased air pressure and lower oxygen levels at high altitudes can cause symptoms ranging from mild headaches to life-threatening conditions like high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) or high altitude cerebral edema (HACE).
Symptoms
Symptoms vary depending on the severity of the altitude sickness but can include:
Headache
Nausea and vomiting
Fatigue and weakness
Dizziness or lightheadedness
Difficulty sleeping
Loss of appetite
Shortness of breath
Confusion
Lack of coordination
Severe: Fluid buildup in the lungs (HAPE) or brain (HACE)
Causes
The primary cause of mountain sickness is the reduced amount of oxygen available at higher altitudes. This decrease in oxygen saturation in the blood triggers a physiological response in the body, leading to the symptoms of AMS. Rapid ascent to altitudes above 8,000 feet (2,400 meters) without proper acclimatization significantly increases the risk.
Medicine Used
Medications used to treat or prevent mountain sickness include:
Acetazolamide (Diamox): Helps the body acclimatize faster by increasing respiration.
Dexamethasone: A steroid that can reduce brain swelling. Used to treat severe AMS and HACE.
Nifedipine: Can lower blood pressure in the lungs and treat HAPE.
Oxygen: Supplemental oxygen can alleviate symptoms.
Pain relievers: Such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen for headaches.
Is Communicable
No, mountain sickness is not communicable. It is a physiological response to altitude and low oxygen levels, not an infectious disease.
Precautions
Ascend Gradually: The most important precaution is to ascend slowly to allow your body to acclimatize. Avoid flying or driving directly to high altitudes.
Stay Hydrated: Drink plenty of fluids.
Avoid Alcohol and Sedatives: These can interfere with acclimatization.
Eat a High-Carbohydrate Diet:
Avoid Strenuous Activity: Especially during the first 24 hours at altitude.
Consider Medication: Talk to your doctor about taking acetazolamide preventatively.
Descend if Symptoms Worsen: If symptoms develop, descend to a lower altitude immediately.
How long does an outbreak last?
Mountain sickness is not an "outbreak" as it's not an infectious disease. The duration of symptoms depends on the severity of the condition and the measures taken to address it. Mild AMS symptoms may resolve within 24-48 hours with rest and acclimatization. More severe cases require descent and medical treatment, and recovery time varies.
How is it diagnosed?
Mountain sickness is primarily diagnosed based on symptoms and the altitude at which they occur. A doctor will evaluate symptoms such as headache, nausea, fatigue, and shortness of breath. Clinical scoring systems like the Lake Louise Scoring System are also used. In severe cases, a chest X-ray may be performed to check for fluid in the lungs (HAPE). Neurological examination for HACE.
Timeline of Symptoms
Symptoms typically begin within 6-24 hours of ascending to a high altitude.
Early (Mild AMS): Headache, fatigue, nausea, dizziness.
Progression (Moderate AMS): Worsening headache, vomiting, increasing fatigue, shortness of breath with exertion.
Severe AMS/HAPE/HACE: Severe headache, confusion, uncoordinated movement (ataxia), fluid build-up in the lungs causing severe shortness of breath, cough.
Important Considerations
Individual Susceptibility: People acclimatize differently. Prior experience at altitude doesn't guarantee immunity.
Underlying Conditions: Pre-existing heart or lung conditions can increase the risk of complications.
Children: Children may have difficulty communicating their symptoms, making early recognition challenging.
Emergency Descent: Always be prepared to descend rapidly if symptoms worsen despite treatment.
Travel Insurance: Ensure you have adequate travel insurance that covers medical evacuation from high altitudes.