Summary about Disease
Non-gonococcal conjunctivitis, also known as pinkeye, is an inflammation of the conjunctiva, the clear membrane that covers the white part of the eye and the inside of the eyelids. Unlike gonococcal conjunctivitis, which is caused by the sexually transmitted infection gonorrhea, non-gonococcal conjunctivitis is typically caused by viruses, bacteria, allergies, or irritants. It's a common condition, particularly among children, and is usually self-limiting or easily treated.
Symptoms
Common symptoms include:
Redness in one or both eyes
Itching, burning, or gritty sensation in the eye(s)
Watery or purulent discharge (pus-like) from the eye(s)
Crusted eyelids or eyelashes, especially in the morning
Blurred vision
Increased sensitivity to light (photophobia)
Swollen eyelids
Causes
The causes of non-gonococcal conjunctivitis can be categorized as:
Viral: Adenoviruses are the most common culprit, but other viruses like herpes simplex virus (HSV) can also cause it.
Bacterial: Common bacteria include Staphylococcus aureus, *Streptococcus pneumoniae*, and *Haemophilus influenzae*.
Allergic: Allergens like pollen, dust mites, or pet dander.
Irritant: Irritants like smoke, chemicals, or foreign objects.
Medicine Used
Viral: Typically resolves on its own. Artificial tears can alleviate discomfort. In severe cases of HSV conjunctivitis, antiviral medications may be prescribed.
Bacterial: Antibiotic eye drops or ointments are used to treat bacterial infections. Common antibiotics include erythromycin, azithromycin, or fluoroquinolones.
Allergic: Antihistamine eye drops or oral antihistamines can relieve symptoms. Mast cell stabilizers may be prescribed for longer-term control.
Irritant: Flushing the eye with saline solution is often sufficient. Artificial tears can soothe irritation.
Is Communicable
Yes, viral and bacterial conjunctivitis are highly contagious. They can spread through direct contact with infected eye secretions or contaminated surfaces. Allergic and irritant conjunctivitis are not contagious.
Precautions
To prevent the spread of contagious conjunctivitis:
Wash hands frequently with soap and water.
Avoid touching your eyes.
Use clean tissues to wipe away discharge and discard them immediately.
Do not share towels, washcloths, or eye makeup.
Wash pillowcases and sheets frequently.
Avoid close contact with others until the infection clears.
If you wear contact lenses, discontinue use until the infection resolves and consult your eye doctor.
How long does an outbreak last?
Viral conjunctivitis: Typically lasts 1-3 weeks.
Bacterial conjunctivitis: With antibiotic treatment, symptoms usually improve within a few days, and the infection clears within 1-2 weeks.
Allergic conjunctivitis: Lasts as long as exposure to the allergen continues.
Irritant conjunctivitis: Resolves quickly once the irritant is removed.
How is it diagnosed?
Diagnosis is typically made based on a physical examination and a review of the patient's symptoms and medical history. In some cases, a swab of the eye discharge may be taken and sent to a laboratory for culture to identify the specific bacteria or virus causing the infection, but this is not routinely performed.
Timeline of Symptoms
Viral: Initial symptoms often include watery discharge, redness, and itching, typically starting in one eye and possibly spreading to the other within a few days.
Bacterial: Symptoms usually develop rapidly, with purulent discharge, redness, and crusting.
Allergic: Symptoms tend to be bilateral (affecting both eyes) with intense itching, tearing, and redness.
Irritant: Symptoms appear shortly after exposure to the irritant, including redness, tearing, and burning sensation.
Important Considerations
If you experience severe pain, changes in vision, sensitivity to light, or fever, seek immediate medical attention.
Newborns with conjunctivitis should be seen by a doctor immediately, as it can be a sign of a serious infection.
Individuals who wear contact lenses should consult their eye doctor for specific recommendations regarding lens use during and after conjunctivitis.
Even with treatment, it is important to practice good hygiene to prevent reinfection or spread to others.