Summary about Disease
Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory condition that affects the mucous membranes inside your mouth. It appears as lacy, white patches; red, swollen tissues; or open sores. These lesions may cause burning, pain, or other discomfort. OLP isn't contagious. While most people can manage mild cases at home, more severe cases may require medical treatment. OLP increases the risk of oral cancer.
Symptoms
Oral lichen planus can appear in the following ways:
White, lacy patches: These are the most common manifestation, often appearing on the inside of the cheeks (reticular lichen planus). They are usually painless.
Red, swollen, tender tissues: These can affect the gums, tongue, or other areas of the mouth.
Open sores (ulcers): These can be painful and may bleed. They are often located on the gums or tongue.
Burning sensation or pain: This is common, especially with erosive or atrophic forms.
Sensitivity to hot, spicy, or acidic foods: Ulcers or areas of inflammation can make eating certain foods uncomfortable.
Dry mouth: Some people experience a dry mouth sensation.
Metallic taste: This is less common, but can occur.
Causes
The exact cause of oral lichen planus is unknown. However, it's believed to be an autoimmune disorder, where the immune system mistakenly attacks cells in the oral mucosa. Possible triggers or factors associated with OLP include:
Hepatitis C infection:
Certain medications: Including NSAIDs, beta-blockers, and some medications for arthritis.
Allergic reactions to dental materials: Fillings, crowns, or dentures.
Stress: Stress may exacerbate symptoms.
Genetic factors: Some people may be predisposed to developing OLP.
Injury to the mouth: Known as the Koebner phenomenon.
Medicine Used
4. Medicine used Treatment focuses on reducing pain and inflammation and promoting healing. There is no cure for OLP, so treatment is aimed at managing symptoms. Common medications include:
Topical Corticosteroids: Such as triamcinolone acetonide or fluocinonide gel/ointment. These are applied directly to the affected areas to reduce inflammation.
Systemic Corticosteroids: Prednisone may be prescribed for severe cases.
Topical Calcineurin Inhibitors: Such as tacrolimus ointment or pimecrolimus cream. These suppress the immune system locally.
Retinoids: Such as topical tretinoin.
Antihistamines: To reduce itching and discomfort.
Pain relievers: Over-the-counter or prescription pain medication for pain management.
Mouthwashes: With local anesthetic (lidocaine) to relieve pain.
Other: Dapsone or hydroxychloroquine in severe cases.
Is Communicable
No, oral lichen planus is not contagious. It cannot be spread from person to person through kissing, sharing utensils, or any other form of contact.
Precautions
Maintain good oral hygiene: Brush your teeth gently twice a day with a soft-bristled toothbrush and floss daily.
Avoid irritating foods and drinks: Limit consumption of spicy, acidic, or hard foods that may exacerbate symptoms.
Manage stress: Use relaxation techniques such as yoga, meditation, or deep breathing exercises.
Avoid tobacco and alcohol: These substances can irritate the oral mucosa.
Regular dental checkups: Regular check-ups can help monitor the condition and detect any changes early.
Identify and eliminate triggers: If you suspect a medication or dental material is causing your symptoms, talk to your doctor or dentist.
Stay hydrated: Drink plenty of water to keep your mouth moist.
How long does an outbreak last?
Oral lichen planus is a chronic condition. There is no telling how long one outbreak lasts. Symptoms can come and go and can flare-up.
How is it diagnosed?
Diagnosis typically involves:
Physical Examination: The doctor or dentist will examine your mouth for characteristic lesions.
Medical History: The doctor will ask about your symptoms, medications, and any other medical conditions.
Biopsy: A small tissue sample may be taken from the affected area and examined under a microscope to confirm the diagnosis.
Allergy testing: To rule out contact allergies to dental materials.
Blood tests: To rule out other conditions, such as hepatitis C.
Timeline of Symptoms
The timeline of symptoms varies from person to person.
Initial stage: May start with mild, often unnoticed, white lacy patches.
Progression: The white patches may spread, or red, swollen, tender areas may develop. Sores or ulcers may appear.
Fluctuation: Symptoms may wax and wane, with periods of improvement followed by flare-ups. Flare-ups may be triggered by stress, certain foods, or injury to the mouth.
Chronic stage: In some cases, OLP can persist for many years, with ongoing symptoms and the need for continued management.
Important Considerations
Increased risk of oral cancer: People with oral lichen planus have a slightly increased risk of developing oral cancer, particularly erosive forms. Regular follow-up appointments with a dentist or oral surgeon are essential for monitoring any changes.
Impact on quality of life: Pain and discomfort associated with OLP can affect eating, speaking, and overall quality of life. It's important to seek treatment to manage symptoms and improve comfort.
Drug Interactions: Be sure to inform your doctor about all medications you are taking, as some drugs can interact with OLP treatments.
Long-term Management: Because OLP is a chronic condition, long-term management is often necessary. This may involve ongoing medication, lifestyle modifications, and regular monitoring.
Seek expert advice: If you suspect you have oral lichen planus, consult a dentist, oral surgeon, or dermatologist for diagnosis and treatment.