Summary about Disease
Osgood-Schlatter disease is a common cause of knee pain in growing adolescents. It's an inflammation of the area just below the knee where the patellar tendon attaches to the tibial tuberosity (a bony bump on the shinbone). It usually develops during growth spurts, when bones, muscles, tendons, and other structures are changing rapidly. It's more common in boys, but the incidence is rising in girls, likely due to increased participation in sports.
Symptoms
Knee pain that worsens with activity (running, jumping, kneeling, and stair climbing) and improves with rest.
Tenderness to the touch over the tibial tuberosity.
Swelling at the tibial tuberosity.
Prominent tibial tuberosity (bony bump below the knee).
Tightness of the muscles in the front of the thigh (quadriceps).
Causes
Osgood-Schlatter disease is caused by repetitive strain and tension on the patellar tendon at the tibial tuberosity. During growth spurts, the bones grow faster than the muscles and tendons, making them tight. Repetitive activity, especially sports involving running, jumping, and quick changes in direction, can put stress on the patellar tendon, leading to inflammation and pain at its attachment point.
Medicine Used
Pain relievers: Over-the-counter medications like ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) or naproxen (Aleve) can help reduce pain and inflammation.
In rare cases: If pain is severe, a doctor may prescribe stronger pain relievers. However, this is not typical for Osgood-Schlatter disease. Note: No specific medication cures Osgood-Schlatter. Treatment focuses on pain management and allowing the condition to resolve on its own.
Is Communicable
No, Osgood-Schlatter disease is not communicable. It's not caused by an infection and cannot be spread from person to person.
Precautions
Rest: Avoid activities that aggravate the pain.
Ice: Apply ice packs to the affected knee for 15-20 minutes several times a day.
Stretching: Perform regular stretching exercises, especially for the quadriceps and hamstrings.
Supportive knee brace: A knee brace may help to stabilize the knee and reduce pain.
Proper footwear: Wear shoes with good support.
Gradual return to activity: When returning to sports or activities, do so gradually to avoid re-injury.
Consult with a doctor or physical therapist: To get a tailored treatment plan.
How long does an outbreak last?
Osgood-Schlatter disease typically lasts for several months to two years. Symptoms usually resolve once the adolescent has finished growing, as the growth plates in the tibial tuberosity close. However, a prominent tibial tuberosity may remain even after symptoms have resolved.
How is it diagnosed?
Osgood-Schlatter disease is usually diagnosed based on a physical examination. The doctor will ask about symptoms, activity level, and examine the knee for tenderness, swelling, and prominence of the tibial tuberosity. X-rays may be taken to rule out other conditions, such as fractures or infections, and to confirm the diagnosis by showing changes in the tibial tuberosity.
Timeline of Symptoms
Initial phase: Pain may be mild and only occur after strenuous activity.
Progressive phase: Pain becomes more frequent and intense, occurring during and after activity. Swelling and tenderness develop at the tibial tuberosity.
Chronic phase: Pain may persist even with rest, although the intensity may fluctuate. The tibial tuberosity may become permanently enlarged.
Resolution: Symptoms typically resolve with skeletal maturity (end of growth spurt), although some individuals may experience occasional mild pain.
Important Considerations
Continued Activity: While rest is important, complete inactivity is generally not recommended. Modified activity and appropriate exercises are often encouraged.
Physical Therapy: A physical therapist can provide guidance on stretching, strengthening, and activity modification.
Long-term Effects: In most cases, Osgood-Schlatter disease does not cause long-term problems. However, some individuals may experience persistent knee pain or a prominent tibial tuberosity.
Parental Guidance: Education and support from parents is crucial in helping adolescents manage the condition and follow treatment recommendations.
Surgical Intervention: Rarely, surgery may be considered in adults if symptoms persist despite conservative treatment.