Summary about Disease
Panner's disease is a condition affecting the capitellum, a bony prominence on the outer aspect of the elbow in children. It's essentially avascular necrosis (bone death due to insufficient blood supply) of this bone. It typically occurs in children between the ages of 5 and 10, and is more common in boys. It is self limiting and usually resolves with conservative treatment.
Symptoms
Elbow pain, usually on the outside of the elbow
Swelling around the elbow
Tenderness to the touch over the capitellum
Limited range of motion in the elbow
Pain that worsens with activity
Causes
The exact cause is not fully understood, but it is thought to be related to repetitive stress and minor trauma to the elbow during activities like throwing sports or gymnastics. This can disrupt the blood supply to the capitellum. There is an association with overuse.
Medicine Used
Pain management is the primary focus. Medications may include:
Over-the-counter pain relievers such as ibuprofen or naproxen.
In rare cases, stronger pain medication might be prescribed if over-the-counter medications are insufficient.
Is Communicable
No, Panner's disease is not communicable. It is not an infection and cannot be spread from person to person.
Precautions
Activity modification: Avoiding activities that aggravate the pain. This might mean temporarily limiting or stopping throwing sports or other repetitive elbow movements.
Elbow support: A sling or brace might be used to provide support and reduce stress on the elbow.
Physical Therapy: Follow a physical therapy regimen to maintain range of motion and strengthen muscles around the elbow.
How long does an outbreak last?
The duration of symptoms varies, but typically Panner's disease resolves within 1 to 2 years with conservative treatment. The process involves the bone revascularizing and healing.
How is it diagnosed?
Physical Examination: A doctor will examine the elbow for tenderness, swelling, and range of motion.
X-rays: X-rays are typically used to visualize the capitellum and look for signs of bone changes characteristic of Panner's disease.
MRI: In some cases, an MRI may be needed to confirm the diagnosis or rule out other conditions.
Timeline of Symptoms
The symptoms usually develop gradually.
Initial Stage: Mild elbow pain that may only occur with activity.
Progressive Stage: The pain becomes more frequent and intense, and swelling may develop. Range of motion may become limited.
Healing Stage: Pain gradually decreases, and range of motion improves. This can take several months to a year or more.
Important Considerations
Early diagnosis and treatment are important to minimize pain and prevent long-term complications.
Adherence to activity restrictions and physical therapy recommendations is crucial for successful healing.
Differentiating Panner's disease from other elbow conditions is important for proper management.
Reassurance and education about the condition are essential, as Panner's disease usually resolves without surgery.