Summary about Disease
Periodontal disease, also known as gum disease, is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting the tissues that support and hold teeth in place. It ranges from gingivitis (mild gum inflammation) to periodontitis (severe damage to soft tissue and bone). If left untreated, periodontitis can lead to tooth loss.
Symptoms
Red, swollen, or tender gums
Bleeding gums during brushing or flossing
Persistent bad breath (halitosis)
Receding gums (teeth appear longer)
Loose teeth
Changes in bite
Pus between teeth and gums
Causes
The primary cause is poor oral hygiene, leading to plaque and tartar buildup. Other contributing factors include:
Smoking
Diabetes
Hormonal changes (e.g., pregnancy, menopause)
Certain medications
Genetic predisposition
Poor nutrition
Conditions that cause lowered immunity
Medicine Used
Antibiotics: Oral or topical antibiotics (e.g., doxycycline, metronidazole) to control infection.
Antiseptic mouthwashes: Containing chlorhexidine to reduce bacteria.
Pain relievers: Over-the-counter pain medications to manage discomfort.
Is Communicable
Periodontal disease is generally not considered directly communicable in the traditional sense (like a cold or flu). However, the bacteria associated with the disease can be transferred through saliva.
Precautions
Maintain good oral hygiene: Brush twice daily and floss daily.
Regular dental checkups and cleanings
Quit smoking
Manage underlying health conditions (e.g., diabetes)
Healthy diet
Use antiseptic mouthwash as recommended by dentist
Address dry mouth
How long does an outbreak last?
The duration of periodontal disease depends on the stage and treatment. Gingivitis can be reversed within a few weeks with proper oral hygiene. Periodontitis is a chronic condition that requires ongoing management to prevent progression. Without treatment, it will worsen over time.
How is it diagnosed?
Visual examination: Dentist checks for gum inflammation, bleeding, and recession.
Probing: Using a small ruler (probe) to measure the depth of the pockets between teeth and gums. Deeper pockets indicate periodontitis.
X-rays: To assess bone loss around the teeth.
Dental and Medical History Review to understand lifestyle factors and other conditions related to disease.
Timeline of Symptoms
Gingivitis (Early Stage): Redness, swelling, bleeding gums. Often reversible.
Mild Periodontitis: Increased pocket depth, mild bone loss.
Moderate Periodontitis: Further pocket deepening, moderate bone loss, potential tooth mobility.
Advanced Periodontitis: Significant bone loss, loose teeth, potential tooth loss.
Important Considerations
Early detection and treatment are crucial to prevent tooth loss.
Periodontal disease has been linked to other systemic health problems, such as heart disease, diabetes, and respiratory infections.
Treatment may involve scaling and root planing (deep cleaning), surgery, and medications.
Maintaining good oral hygiene and regular dental visits are essential for long-term management.