Summary about Disease
Plaque psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the skin. It causes raised, red, scaly patches (plaques) to form on the skin. These plaques are often itchy and painful. It is a long-lasting condition that tends to go through cycles, flaring for a few weeks or months, then subsiding for a time or going into remission. While there is no cure, treatments can effectively manage the symptoms.
Symptoms
Raised, inflamed, red patches of skin (plaques)
Thick, silvery scales on the plaques
Itching, burning, or soreness
Dry, cracked skin that may bleed
Thickened, pitted, or ridged nails
Swollen and painful joints (psoriatic arthritis - occurs in some individuals)
Plaques commonly appear on the elbows, knees, scalp, lower back, and face, but can appear anywhere on the body.
Causes
Plaque psoriasis is thought to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. It is an autoimmune disease, meaning the body's immune system mistakenly attacks healthy skin cells. This overactive immune system speeds up skin cell growth, causing the cells to accumulate on the surface of the skin, forming plaques. Specific triggers can include:
Infections (e.g., strep throat)
Injury to the skin (e.g., cuts, scrapes, surgery, tattoos)
Stress
Certain medications (e.g., lithium, beta-blockers, antimalarials)
Cold weather
Smoking
Heavy alcohol consumption
Medicine Used
Treatment options vary depending on the severity of the psoriasis and may include:
Topical treatments: Corticosteroids, vitamin D analogues, retinoids, calcineurin inhibitors, salicylic acid, coal tar.
Light therapy (phototherapy): UVB, narrowband UVB, psoralen plus ultraviolet A (PUVA).
Systemic medications (oral or injected): Methotrexate, cyclosporine, acitretin, apremilast.
Biologic drugs (injected or intravenous): These target specific parts of the immune system. Examples include TNF-alpha inhibitors, interleukin inhibitors (IL-17, IL-23, IL-12/23 inhibitors).
Is Communicable
No, plaque psoriasis is not contagious. It cannot be spread from person to person through skin contact or any other means.
Precautions
Moisturize: Regularly use moisturizers, especially after bathing.
Avoid triggers: Identify and avoid personal triggers that worsen your psoriasis (e.g., stress, certain foods, medications).
Sunlight: Limited sun exposure may help, but avoid sunburn. Use sunscreen on unaffected skin.
Avoid scratching: Scratching can worsen the condition and increase the risk of infection.
Manage stress: Practice stress-reducing techniques like meditation or yoga.
Healthy lifestyle: Maintain a healthy weight, eat a balanced diet, and avoid smoking and excessive alcohol consumption.
Gentle skin care: Use mild, fragrance-free soaps and avoid harsh scrubbing.
Loose-fitting clothing: Wear soft, breathable fabrics.
How long does an outbreak last?
The duration of a psoriasis outbreak varies significantly from person to person. Outbreaks can last for a few weeks to several months. Psoriasis is a chronic condition, meaning that even after an outbreak subsides, it can recur at any time. Treatment can help to shorten the duration and severity of outbreaks.
How is it diagnosed?
Psoriasis is usually diagnosed through a physical examination of the skin, scalp, and nails. The doctor will look for the characteristic plaques and scales. In some cases, a skin biopsy may be performed to rule out other conditions or confirm the diagnosis.
Timeline of Symptoms
The onset and progression of symptoms can vary:
Initial Development: Small, raised, red patches appear. These might be itchy or asymptomatic at first.
Progression: Patches gradually grow larger, thicker, and become covered with silvery scales. The itching and discomfort may increase.
Flare-ups: Symptoms worsen during flare-ups, which can be triggered by various factors.
Remission: Symptoms may improve or disappear during periods of remission, which can last for weeks, months, or even years.
Chronic Nature: Psoriasis is a chronic condition, meaning that symptoms may recur throughout a person's life.
Important Considerations
Psoriatic arthritis: Be aware of joint pain and stiffness, which could indicate psoriatic arthritis. Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent joint damage.
Mental health: Psoriasis can affect mental health, leading to anxiety, depression, and low self-esteem. Seek support from a therapist or counselor if needed.
Cardiovascular risk: Some studies suggest a link between psoriasis and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Discuss this with your doctor.
Adherence to treatment: Following the prescribed treatment plan is crucial for managing symptoms and preventing complications.
Communication with your doctor: Regularly communicate with your doctor about any changes in your symptoms or concerns about your treatment.