Summary about Disease
Polymyositis is a rare inflammatory disease that causes muscle weakness on both sides of the body. It is a type of myopathy, which means a disease of the muscles. The muscle weakness typically affects the muscles closest to the trunk of the body, such as those in the hips, thighs, shoulders, upper arms, and neck. Polymyositis can make it difficult to climb stairs, lift objects, or raise your arms over your head. It is considered a chronic (long-term) condition.
Symptoms
Progressive muscle weakness, usually occurring over weeks or months
Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia)
Difficulty breathing (dyspnea)
Muscle pain or tenderness (though not always present)
Fatigue after walking or standing
Hoarseness
Joint pain
Causes
The exact cause of polymyositis is unknown. It is classified as an autoimmune disorder, meaning the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own tissues. Possible factors that may trigger the disease include:
Genetic predisposition
Viral infections
Cancer
Medicine Used
The primary medications used to treat polymyositis include:
Corticosteroids: Such as prednisone, to reduce inflammation.
Immunosuppressants: Such as methotrexate, azathioprine, mycophenolate mofetil, cyclosporine, tacrolimus or rituximab to suppress the immune system.
Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIg): Infusions of antibodies to help regulate the immune system.
Pain relievers
Physical therapy
Is Communicable
No, polymyositis is not communicable. It is not contagious and cannot be spread from person to person.
Precautions
Protect yourself from infections: Since immunosuppressant medications weaken the immune system, take precautions to avoid exposure to infections (e.g., frequent handwashing, avoiding sick people).
Physical therapy: Follow the prescribed physical therapy regimen to maintain muscle strength and flexibility.
Sun protection: Some medications increase sensitivity to the sun; wear protective clothing and sunscreen.
Diet: Eat a healthy, balanced diet to support overall health.
How long does an outbreak last?
Polymyositis is a chronic disease and does not have a typical "outbreak" with a defined start and end date. The course of the disease varies considerably from person to person. Some people may experience periods of flares (increased symptoms) followed by periods of remission (decreased symptoms). Others may have a more constant level of symptoms. Treatment aims to control the disease and minimize flares.
How is it diagnosed?
Polymyositis is diagnosed through a combination of:
Physical examination: To assess muscle weakness and other symptoms.
Blood tests: To measure muscle enzyme levels (e.g., creatine kinase) and look for specific autoantibodies.
Electromyography (EMG): To assess the electrical activity of muscles.
Muscle biopsy: To examine a sample of muscle tissue under a microscope for signs of inflammation and muscle damage.
MRI: To look for inflammation or abnormalities in the muscles
Timeline of Symptoms
The timeline of symptoms varies. However, a typical progression may look like this:
Initial stage: Gradual onset of muscle weakness, often in the muscles closest to the trunk.
Progression: Weakness increases over weeks or months, making everyday activities more difficult.
Plateau: Symptoms may stabilize for a period.
Flares and Remissions: Some individuals experience flares (worsening symptoms) followed by periods of remission (improvement).
Long-term: Polymyositis is a chronic condition, requiring ongoing management.
Important Considerations
Early Diagnosis and Treatment: Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to minimizing muscle damage and improving long-term outcomes.
Individualized Treatment: Treatment plans are tailored to each individual's specific symptoms and disease severity.
Multidisciplinary Approach: Management often involves a team of healthcare professionals, including rheumatologists, neurologists, physical therapists, and occupational therapists.
Monitoring for Complications: Regular monitoring is necessary to detect and manage potential complications, such as respiratory problems, heart problems, or difficulty swallowing.
Emotional Support: Living with a chronic condition like polymyositis can be challenging, and emotional support from family, friends, or support groups is important.