Summary about Disease
Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-specific condition characterized by high blood pressure and signs of damage to another organ system, most often the kidneys and liver. It usually begins after 20 weeks of pregnancy in women whose blood pressure was previously normal. If left untreated, preeclampsia can lead to serious, even fatal, complications for both mother and baby.
Symptoms
Symptoms of preeclampsia can include:
High blood pressure (140/90 mm Hg or higher)
Proteinuria (protein in the urine)
Severe headaches
Changes in vision, such as blurred vision, flashing lights or spots
Upper abdominal pain, usually under the ribs on the right side
Nausea or vomiting
Decreased urine output
Sudden weight gain (more than 2 pounds a week)
Swelling (edema), particularly in the face and hands (though some normal pregnancies also have swelling)
Shortness of breath
Causes
The exact cause of preeclampsia is not fully understood. However, it is thought to be related to problems with the placenta, the organ that nourishes the baby during pregnancy. Possible contributing factors include:
Insufficient blood flow to the uterus
Damage to the blood vessels
Problems with the immune system
Genetic factors
Medicine Used
Medications used to manage preeclampsia may include:
Antihypertensives: To lower blood pressure. Examples include labetalol, hydralazine, and nifedipine.
Magnesium sulfate: To prevent seizures (eclampsia).
Corticosteroids: To help mature the baby's lungs if early delivery is necessary. Ultimately, the definitive treatment for preeclampsia is delivery of the baby and placenta.
Is Communicable
No, preeclampsia is not communicable. It is a pregnancy-related condition.
Precautions
Precautions to take during pregnancy to potentially reduce the risk of preeclampsia, though not guaranteed, include:
Regular prenatal care: Attend all scheduled appointments so your doctor can monitor your blood pressure and other vital signs.
Healthy diet: Eat a balanced diet.
Exercise: Engage in regular, moderate exercise, as approved by your doctor.
Calcium and Vitamin D supplementation: Some studies suggest a possible benefit. Discuss with your doctor.
Low-dose aspirin: For women at high risk, starting in the late first trimester. This must be prescribed by a doctor.
Manage underlying health conditions: Properly manage conditions like diabetes or high blood pressure.
How long does an outbreak last?
Preeclampsia typically develops after 20 weeks of pregnancy. It resolves after delivery of the baby and placenta, but it may take days or weeks for blood pressure to return to normal.
How is it diagnosed?
Preeclampsia is diagnosed based on:
Blood pressure readings: Consistently high blood pressure (140/90 mm Hg or higher).
Urine tests: To detect protein in the urine (proteinuria).
Blood tests: To assess liver and kidney function, and platelet count.
Timeline of Symptoms
Preeclampsia typically develops after* 20 weeks of pregnancy.
The condition can progress rapidly or slowly.
Symptoms can worsen over days or weeks.
Some women may have no noticeable symptoms.
Eclampsia (seizures) can occur suddenly and unexpectedly.
Important Considerations
Preeclampsia is a serious condition that requires close monitoring and management by a healthcare provider.
Early detection and treatment are crucial to prevent complications.
The only cure for preeclampsia is delivery of the baby.
Women with a history of preeclampsia are at higher risk of developing it in future pregnancies.
Long-term health risks for the mother can include an increased risk of cardiovascular disease.
Communication with your healthcare provider is essential if you have any concerns about your health during pregnancy.