Summary about Disease
Influenza, commonly known as the flu, is a contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses that infect the nose, throat, and lungs. It can cause mild to severe illness, and at times can lead to death. The best way to prevent the flu is by getting vaccinated each year.
Symptoms
Common symptoms of the flu include:
Fever or feeling feverish/chills
Cough
Sore throat
Runny or stuffy nose
Muscle or body aches
Headaches
Fatigue (tiredness)
Some people may have vomiting and diarrhea, though this is more common in children than adults.
Causes
The flu is caused by influenza viruses. These viruses spread mainly by droplets made when people with the flu cough, sneeze, or talk. Less often, a person might get the flu by touching a surface or object that has flu virus on it and then touching their own mouth, nose, or eyes.
Medicine Used
Antiviral drugs can be used to treat the flu. Common antiviral medications include:
Oseltamivir (Tamiflu)
Zanamivir (Relenza)
Peramivir (Rapivab)
Baloxavir marboxil (Xofluza) Over-the-counter medications like pain relievers (acetaminophen, ibuprofen) and decongestants can help manage symptoms but do not treat the underlying viral infection.
Is Communicable
Yes, the flu is highly communicable. It can be spread from person to person through respiratory droplets.
Precautions
Get vaccinated annually.
Avoid close contact with sick people.
Stay home when you are sick.
Cover your mouth and nose when you cough or sneeze.
Wash your hands often with soap and water. If soap and water are not available, use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer.
Avoid touching your eyes, nose, and mouth.
How long does an outbreak last?
Individual flu infections typically last 5-7 days. Flu season in the US generally runs from October to May, peaking between December and February.
How is it diagnosed?
The flu is typically diagnosed based on symptoms, especially during flu season. A rapid influenza diagnostic test (RIDT) can be performed using a nasal swab or throat swab to confirm the diagnosis. These tests are not always accurate and can sometimes give false negative results.
Timeline of Symptoms
Day 1-3: Symptoms typically appear suddenly and include fever, body aches, fatigue, and sore throat.
Day 4-5: Fever may subside, but cough and nasal congestion may worsen.
Day 6-7: Symptoms gradually improve, but fatigue and cough may linger for a week or more.
Important Considerations
People at high risk of flu complications include older adults, young children, pregnant women, and people with chronic medical conditions (such as asthma, diabetes, or heart disease).
Complications from the flu can include pneumonia, bronchitis, sinus infections, and ear infections.
It's essential to consult a healthcare professional if you are at high risk or if your symptoms worsen.