Summary about Disease
A skin abscess is a collection of pus within the skin. It's usually caused by a bacterial infection, often involving Staphylococcus aureus ("staph"). Abscesses can occur anywhere on the body but are most common in areas with hair follicles (like the armpits, groin, and buttocks) or where there has been a break in the skin.
Symptoms
A painful, tender, red, and swollen lump under the skin.
The area around the lump may feel warm to the touch.
The abscess may drain pus spontaneously.
Fever and chills may occur if the infection is more severe.
Swollen lymph nodes near the abscess site.
Causes
Bacterial infection, most commonly Staphylococcus aureus (including MRSA - Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus).
Bacteria enter the skin through a cut, scratch, insect bite, or hair follicle.
Poor hygiene can increase the risk.
Underlying conditions that weaken the immune system (e.g., diabetes) can make individuals more susceptible.
Medicine Used
Antibiotics: Oral or intravenous antibiotics are prescribed to fight the bacterial infection. Common antibiotics include cephalexin, clindamycin, doxycycline, or trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim). The specific antibiotic will depend on the severity of the infection and the antibiotic sensitivity of the bacteria.
Pain Relievers: Over-the-counter pain relievers like ibuprofen or acetaminophen can help manage pain and fever.
Is Communicable
Yes, skin abscesses are potentially communicable, especially if the abscess is draining. The bacteria can spread through direct contact with the pus or contaminated surfaces.
Precautions
Wash hands frequently with soap and water, especially after touching the abscess or surrounding area.
Keep the abscess covered with a clean, dry bandage.
Avoid sharing personal items, such as towels, razors, and clothing.
Clean and disinfect surfaces that may have come into contact with the abscess or its drainage.
If you have an open wound, keep it clean and covered.
How long does an outbreak last?
Without treatment, a skin abscess can persist for weeks or even months. With proper treatment (incision and drainage, antibiotics), the symptoms usually resolve within 1-2 weeks.
How is it diagnosed?
Physical Examination: A doctor can usually diagnose a skin abscess by visually examining the affected area.
Culture: A sample of the pus may be taken and sent to a lab to identify the specific bacteria causing the infection and determine its antibiotic sensitivity.
Imaging (rare): In some cases, imaging tests like ultrasound or CT scan may be used to assess the size and extent of the abscess, especially if it's deep or located in a difficult-to-reach area.
Timeline of Symptoms
Initial Stage (1-2 days): A small, red, tender bump appears under the skin.
Progression (3-7 days): The bump increases in size, becomes more painful, and may start to feel warm. Pus accumulates inside.
Potential Rupture (7+ days): The abscess may spontaneously rupture, releasing pus. This often provides some relief from pain and pressure.
Resolution (with treatment): Following incision and drainage and/or antibiotics, symptoms should gradually improve over 1-2 weeks.
Important Considerations
Do not attempt to squeeze or pop an abscess yourself. This can push the infection deeper into the tissue and increase the risk of complications.
Seek medical attention if the abscess is large, painful, or accompanied by fever, chills, or swollen lymph nodes.
Individuals with weakened immune systems or chronic medical conditions (e.g., diabetes) should seek medical attention promptly.
Complete the full course of antibiotics as prescribed, even if you start feeling better.
Recurrent abscesses may indicate an underlying issue that needs to be addressed.