Summary about Disease
Tennis elbow (lateral epicondylitis) is a condition that causes pain on the outside of the elbow, often radiating into the forearm and wrist. It is an overuse injury resulting from repetitive motions of the wrist and arm. Despite its name, it affects people of all occupations, not just tennis players.
Symptoms
Pain and tenderness on the bony knob on the outside of your elbow (lateral epicondyle).
Pain radiating from the outside of your elbow down your forearm and wrist.
Weakness in your grip.
Pain when gripping or lifting objects.
Pain when twisting your forearm, such as when turning a doorknob or opening a jar.
Pain exacerbated by wrist movements, especially wrist extension.
Causes
Tennis elbow is typically caused by overuse and repetitive movements, especially of the wrist and arm muscles. Specific causes can include:
Repetitive wrist extensions (bending the wrist backward).
Activities that involve forceful gripping.
Poor technique in sports (e.g., tennis backhand).
Occupations involving repetitive arm movements (e.g., painting, plumbing, carpentry).
Vibration from power tools.
In some cases, the cause is unknown.
Medicine Used
Pain relievers: Over-the-counter pain relievers like ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) or naproxen (Aleve) can help reduce pain and inflammation. Acetaminophen (Tylenol) can relieve pain but does not reduce inflammation.
Topical medications: Creams, gels, or patches containing NSAIDs or other pain-relieving ingredients can be applied directly to the elbow.
Corticosteroid injections: Injections of corticosteroids into the affected area can reduce inflammation and provide temporary pain relief, but are not recommended for long-term use due to potential side effects.
Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections: PRP involves injecting a concentration of the patient's own platelets into the damaged tendon to promote healing.
Other injectables: Polidocanol injections or botulinum toxin injections.
Is Communicable
No, tennis elbow is not communicable. It is not caused by a virus, bacteria, or other infectious agent, and it cannot be spread from person to person.
Precautions
Rest: Avoid activities that worsen your pain.
Proper technique: If participating in sports or activities that involve repetitive arm movements, ensure you are using proper technique.
Ergonomics: Ensure your workspace is ergonomically sound to reduce strain on your arms and wrists.
Bracing: Wear a tennis elbow brace or support to reduce stress on the affected tendons.
Stretching and strengthening exercises: Perform exercises to improve the flexibility and strength of your forearm muscles.
Ice: Apply ice to the affected area for 15-20 minutes several times a day to reduce pain and inflammation.
Warm-up: Before engaging in activities that strain the elbow, warm up the muscles with light stretching.
How long does an outbreak last?
The duration of tennis elbow can vary. With proper treatment and rest, symptoms may improve within a few weeks to months. However, in some cases, symptoms can persist for several months to a year or longer, especially if the underlying cause is not addressed or if the condition is neglected. Chronic cases can take longer to resolve.
How is it diagnosed?
Tennis elbow is typically diagnosed based on a physical examination and medical history.
Physical examination: A doctor will examine your elbow for tenderness, swelling, and pain. They may also perform specific tests, such as asking you to extend your wrist against resistance, to assess the affected tendons.
Medical history: The doctor will ask about your symptoms, activities, and any previous injuries.
Imaging tests: X-rays are not typically used to diagnose tennis elbow but may be ordered to rule out other conditions, such as arthritis or fractures. In some cases, an MRI may be used to evaluate the extent of tendon damage.
Nerve conduction studies/EMG: In rare cases, these are used to rule out nerve compression.
Timeline of Symptoms
The onset of tennis elbow symptoms can be gradual or sudden:
Early stages: Mild pain on the outside of the elbow, which may only be noticeable during or after activity.
Progressive stages: Pain becomes more frequent and intense, even at rest. Pain may radiate down the forearm. Grip strength may weaken.
Chronic stages: Persistent pain that interferes with daily activities. Limited range of motion.
Important Considerations
Rest and activity modification are crucial for recovery. Ignoring the pain and continuing to use the affected arm can worsen the condition and prolong healing.
Physical therapy plays a significant role in rehabilitation. A physical therapist can teach you exercises to strengthen your forearm muscles and improve flexibility.
Long-term outcomes are generally good with appropriate treatment. However, recurrence is possible if the underlying causes are not addressed.
Surgery is rarely needed but may be considered in severe cases that do not respond to conservative treatments.
Self-care measures such as ice, bracing, and over-the-counter pain relievers can help manage symptoms. If symptoms persist, see a doctor.