Summary about Disease
Thumb arthritis, also known as basal joint arthritis or carpometacarpal (CMC) arthritis, is a common condition that causes pain, stiffness, and decreased range of motion at the base of the thumb. It occurs when the cartilage that cushions the ends of the bones forming the thumb joint wears away. This leads to bone rubbing directly on bone, causing pain and inflammation.
Symptoms
Pain at the base of the thumb, especially with gripping, pinching, or twisting.
Swelling at the base of the thumb.
Tenderness to the touch at the base of the thumb.
Decreased range of motion of the thumb.
Stiffness at the base of the thumb, especially in the morning or after inactivity.
A grating or clicking sensation when moving the thumb (crepitus).
Weakness in grip strength.
Bony prominence or bump at the base of the thumb.
Causes
Aging: Cartilage naturally wears down over time.
Genetics: A family history of arthritis increases the risk.
Previous injuries: Fractures or dislocations of the thumb joint can damage the cartilage.
Repetitive motions: Jobs or activities that involve repetitive thumb movements can contribute to cartilage breakdown.
Other forms of arthritis: Osteoarthritis in other joints may increase the risk of thumb arthritis.
Ligament laxity: Loose ligaments around the thumb joint can lead to instability and increased wear on the cartilage.
Medicine Used
Pain relievers:
Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as acetaminophen (Tylenol) or ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin).
Prescription pain relievers, such as tramadol or opioids (for severe pain).
Topical pain relievers: Creams or gels containing capsaicin or NSAIDs.
Corticosteroid injections: Injections into the thumb joint to reduce inflammation and pain.
Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs): While thumb arthritis is most commonly osteoarthritis, in cases where inflammatory arthritis is a contributing factor, DMARDs like methotrexate may be used.
Hyaluronic acid injections: These injections can provide lubrication and cushioning in the joint.
Is Communicable
Thumb arthritis is not communicable. It is not caused by an infection and cannot be spread from person to person.
Precautions
Avoid activities that worsen pain: Modify or avoid activities that put stress on the thumb joint.
Use assistive devices: Use jar openers, adaptive utensils, and other devices to reduce strain on the thumb.
Maintain a healthy weight: Excess weight can put extra stress on joints.
Strengthen hand muscles: Specific exercises can help stabilize the thumb joint. Consult a physical therapist for appropriate exercises.
Use splints or braces: Wearing a splint or brace can support the thumb joint and reduce pain. Wear during activities or at night.
Ergonomic adjustments: If repetitive motions are a factor, modify your workstation or techniques to reduce strain.
How long does an outbreak last?
There aren't outbreaks for this disease. Thumb arthritis is a chronic condition that can have periods of increased pain (flare-ups). Flare-ups can last from a few days to several weeks. The duration and severity of flare-ups vary depending on the individual and the underlying cause.
How is it diagnosed?
Physical examination: A doctor will examine the thumb for tenderness, swelling, and range of motion.
Medical history: The doctor will ask about symptoms, past injuries, and family history of arthritis.
X-rays: X-rays can show the extent of cartilage loss and any bone spurs or other abnormalities in the thumb joint.
Other imaging tests: In some cases, MRI may be used to get a more detailed view of the soft tissues around the joint.
Joint aspiration: In rare cases, fluid may be drawn from the joint to rule out other conditions.
Timeline of Symptoms
The onset of thumb arthritis symptoms can be gradual or sudden.
Early stages: Mild pain and stiffness at the base of the thumb, especially after activity.
Intermediate stages: Pain becomes more frequent and intense. Swelling and decreased range of motion may develop.
Advanced stages: Severe pain, even at rest. Significant limitations in thumb function. Bony changes and deformity of the joint.
Important Considerations
Early diagnosis and treatment are important to slow the progression of thumb arthritis and manage symptoms.
Nonsurgical treatments are often effective in the early stages.
Surgery may be considered if nonsurgical treatments fail to provide adequate relief.
Living with thumb arthritis can require lifestyle adjustments and ongoing management to maintain function and quality of life.
See a doctor or hand specialist if you have persistent pain or stiffness in your thumb.