Symptoms
Intense cravings for nicotine
Withdrawal symptoms when trying to quit (irritability, anxiety, difficulty concentrating, restlessness, increased appetite)
Continued tobacco use despite health problems
Inability to quit or reduce tobacco use despite attempts
Giving up social or recreational activities to use tobacco
Spending a lot of time obtaining and using tobacco
Using tobacco in larger amounts or for a longer period than intended
Causes
Tobacco dependence is primarily caused by the addictive properties of nicotine. Nicotine stimulates the release of dopamine in the brain, creating a pleasurable sensation that reinforces continued use. Factors contributing to tobacco dependence include:
Genetic predisposition: Some individuals may be more susceptible to nicotine addiction due to their genes.
Environmental factors: Exposure to tobacco use in the family or among peers, advertising, and social norms can increase the risk.
Psychological factors: Stress, anxiety, depression, and other mental health conditions can increase the likelihood of tobacco use and dependence.
Age of initiation: Starting tobacco use at a younger age increases the risk of developing dependence.
Medicine Used
Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT): Patches, gum, lozenges, inhalers, and nasal sprays provide controlled doses of nicotine to reduce cravings and withdrawal symptoms.
Bupropion (Zyban): An antidepressant medication that reduces cravings and withdrawal symptoms.
Varenicline (Chantix): A medication that blocks nicotine receptors in the brain, reducing the pleasurable effects of nicotine and cravings.
Other medications: Certain antidepressants and anti-anxiety medications may be prescribed to manage withdrawal symptoms and co-occurring mental health conditions.
Precautions
Avoid tobacco use: The most effective precaution is to never start using tobacco products.
Limit exposure to secondhand smoke: Secondhand smoke can trigger cravings and relapse.
Seek support: If you are trying to quit, seek support from healthcare professionals, support groups, or loved ones.
Identify and avoid triggers: Recognize situations, people, or emotions that trigger cravings and develop strategies to cope with them.
Practice stress management techniques: Stress can increase cravings. Learn healthy ways to manage stress, such as exercise, meditation, or yoga.
How long does an outbreak last?
Tobacco dependence is a chronic condition, not an outbreak. Without intervention, it can last for years or even a lifetime. Withdrawal symptoms typically peak within the first few days or weeks of quitting and gradually subside over several weeks or months. However, cravings can persist for much longer.
How is it diagnosed?
Tobacco dependence is diagnosed based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) criteria. Healthcare professionals may use questionnaires or interviews to assess tobacco use patterns, withdrawal symptoms, and attempts to quit. They will also consider the individual's medical history and physical examination findings.
Timeline of Symptoms
The timeline of symptoms varies among individuals. Generally:
Early stages: Occasional tobacco use, leading to increased frequency and amount. Development of cravings.
Established dependence: Regular tobacco use, experiencing withdrawal symptoms when not using, difficulty quitting despite attempts.
Long-term dependence: Continued tobacco use despite health problems, significant impact on daily life and relationships.
Withdrawal (upon cessation): Symptoms typically start within a few hours of the last tobacco use, peak within 1-3 days, and gradually subside over several weeks or months. Cravings can persist for much longer.
Important Considerations
Quitting tobacco is a process: It may take multiple attempts to quit successfully.
Relapse is common: Don't be discouraged by setbacks. Learn from them and try again.
Treatment is effective: Medications and behavioral therapies can significantly improve quit rates.
Tobacco dependence is a serious health issue: It increases the risk of numerous health problems, including cancer, heart disease, and respiratory diseases.
Seek professional help: Healthcare professionals can provide guidance, support, and treatment options to help you quit tobacco.