Summary about Disease
Traction alopecia is a form of hair loss caused by repetitive or prolonged tension on the hair follicles. This tension leads to damage and inflammation, eventually causing the hair to thin or stop growing in affected areas. It is often seen along the hairline and in areas where hairstyles cause significant pulling.
Symptoms
Small pimples or pustules on the scalp.
Itching or burning sensation on the scalp.
Hair thinning, particularly around the hairline, temples, or areas where the hair is pulled tightly.
Broken hairs.
Receding hairline.
Patches of baldness, which may become permanent with prolonged traction.
Scalp tenderness.
Causes
Frequently wearing tight hairstyles such as braids, cornrows, weaves, extensions, and tight ponytails.
Using hair accessories that pull on the hair, like tight headbands or clips.
Repeated use of chemical relaxers, perms, or other hair treatments that weaken the hair shaft.
Wearing heavy hair extensions or wigs.
Certain cultural or occupational hairstyles that involve prolonged tension.
Medicine Used
Topical corticosteroids: To reduce inflammation and itching.
Topical minoxidil (Rogaine): To stimulate hair growth, particularly in early stages.
Antibiotics: If there is a secondary bacterial infection due to scalp inflammation.
Hair transplant: In advanced cases with permanent hair loss, a hair transplant may be considered.
Other treatments: Depending on the severity and individual situation, a dermatologist may prescribe or recommend other options such as platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections or laser therapy.
Is Communicable
No, traction alopecia is not communicable. It is caused by physical tension on the hair follicles and is not infectious.
Precautions
Avoid tight hairstyles that pull on the hair.
Loosen braids, cornrows, and ponytails.
Take breaks from wearing weaves, extensions, and wigs.
Minimize the use of chemical relaxers and perms.
Choose lighter hair extensions to reduce weight and tension.
Use gentle hair products.
Massage the scalp regularly to stimulate blood flow.
Consult a dermatologist early if you notice signs of hair thinning or scalp irritation.
How long does an outbreak last?
The "outbreak" is related to hair damage and progression of hair loss. The duration varies depending on how long the traction is applied and how quickly the cause is addressed. Early intervention can lead to hair regrowth within months. Prolonged traction can cause permanent hair loss. There is no single "outbreak" period like a communicable disease.
How is it diagnosed?
Physical examination: A doctor will examine the scalp and hair for signs of thinning, breakage, and inflammation.
Medical history: The doctor will ask about hair care practices, hairstyles, and any history of hair treatments or scalp conditions.
Dermoscopy: A magnified view of the scalp to assess hair follicle health.
Scalp biopsy (rarely): In some cases, a small sample of scalp tissue may be taken for microscopic examination to rule out other causes of hair loss.
Timeline of Symptoms
The timeline can vary, but generally follows this pattern:
Early Stages (Weeks to Months): Itching, burning, small bumps on the scalp. Subtle hair thinning around hairline.
Intermediate Stages (Months to Years): Noticeable hair thinning, breakage. Receding hairline more pronounced. Scalp tenderness.
Advanced Stages (Years): Patches of baldness. Hair follicle damage potentially becoming permanent. Significant scalp inflammation.
Important Considerations
Early intervention is crucial: Addressing the cause of traction alopecia early can prevent permanent hair loss.
Consult a dermatologist: A dermatologist can provide an accurate diagnosis and recommend appropriate treatment options.
Lifestyle changes are essential: Changing hair care practices and hairstyles is critical for preventing recurrence.
Patience is needed: Hair regrowth can take several months, even with treatment.
Permanent hair loss is possible: In severe cases, traction alopecia can lead to permanent hair loss, requiring more extensive treatments like hair transplantation.