Summary about Disease
Uterine contractions are the tightening and relaxing of the uterine muscles. They are a normal part of the menstrual cycle and pregnancy. Contractions during pregnancy help to thin and open the cervix, allowing the baby to pass through the birth canal. They can also occur due to other medical conditions.
Symptoms
Symptoms vary depending on the cause of the contractions. During menstruation, they manifest as menstrual cramps, characterized by lower abdominal pain. During pregnancy, contractions can feel like a tightening or hardening of the abdomen, which can sometimes be accompanied by lower back pain, pelvic pressure, and changes in vaginal discharge (e.g., a "bloody show"). False labor (Braxton Hicks) contractions are often irregular, infrequent, and do not intensify over time. True labor contractions become increasingly regular, stronger, and longer-lasting.
Causes
Menstruation: Prostaglandins released during menstruation trigger uterine contractions to shed the uterine lining.
Pregnancy: Labor contractions are caused by a complex interaction of hormones and physical changes as the body prepares for childbirth. Braxton Hicks contractions can occur throughout pregnancy, often as the uterus practices for labor.
Medical Conditions: In rare cases, uterine contractions can be caused by medical conditions such as uterine fibroids or adenomyosis.
Medications: Certain medications can stimulate uterine contractions.
Medicine Used
Menstrual Cramps: Over-the-counter pain relievers like ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) and naproxen (Aleve) can help reduce pain. Hormonal birth control can also decrease menstrual cramps.
Preterm Labor (to stop contractions): Tocolytics (medications that slow or stop contractions) such as magnesium sulfate, nifedipine, indomethacin, and terbutaline might be used.
Labor Induction (to start or strengthen contractions): Pitocin (synthetic oxytocin) is used to induce or augment labor.
Pain Management During Labor: Epidurals, spinal blocks, and other pain relief medications can be used to manage pain during labor.
Is Communicable
No, uterine contractions are not communicable. They are a physiological process within an individual.
Precautions
Menstrual Cramps: Stay hydrated, exercise regularly, apply heat to the lower abdomen, and manage stress.
Pregnancy: Attend all prenatal appointments. Report any concerning symptoms to your healthcare provider, especially persistent or intensifying contractions before the expected due date. Learn to distinguish between Braxton Hicks and true labor contractions.
How long does an outbreak last?
Uterine contractions are not an "outbreak," so this question is not applicable. The duration of contractions varies greatly depending on the cause. Menstrual cramps typically last for a few days each month. Labor contractions can last for several hours or even days during childbirth.
How is it diagnosed?
Menstrual Cramps: Diagnosis is usually based on symptoms and a physical exam.
Pregnancy: Diagnosis of labor contractions is based on the frequency, duration, and intensity of contractions, along with cervical changes (dilation and effacement) assessed during a pelvic exam. Electronic fetal monitoring is used to track contractions and fetal heart rate.
Timeline of Symptoms
Menstrual Cramps: Typically begin shortly before or at the start of menstruation and last for 1-3 days.
Braxton Hicks Contractions: Can occur throughout pregnancy, usually irregularly and without cervical changes.
Early Labor: Contractions are mild, irregular, and spaced further apart (e.g., 20-30 minutes).
Active Labor: Contractions become stronger, more frequent (e.g., every 3-5 minutes), and longer-lasting (e.g., 60-90 seconds).
Transition Phase: Contractions are very strong, frequent (e.g., every 2-3 minutes), and long-lasting (e.g., 60-90 seconds), with intense pressure.
Important Considerations
Seek medical attention immediately if you experience preterm labor (contractions before 37 weeks of gestation).
Differentiate between Braxton Hicks contractions and true labor contractions, especially if you are nearing your due date. Contact your doctor or midwife if you are unsure.
Manage pain effectively during labor using available pain relief options.
Understand the risks and benefits of tocolytics and labor induction before making decisions.
Report any unusual or concerning symptoms to your healthcare provider promptly.