Summary about Disease
A vaginal yeast infection, also known as candidiasis, is a fungal infection that causes irritation, discharge, and intense itchiness of the vagina and the vulva — the tissues at the opening of the vagina. It's very common, and most women will experience it at least once in their lifetime. While it can be uncomfortable, vaginal yeast infections are usually easily treated with medication.
Symptoms
Common symptoms include:
Itching and irritation in the vagina and vulva
Burning, especially during urination or intercourse
Redness and swelling of the vulva
Vaginal pain and soreness
Thick, white, odor-free vaginal discharge resembling cottage cheese
Watery vaginal discharge (less common)
Causes
Vaginal yeast infections are typically caused by an overgrowth of Candida albicans, a fungus that's normally present in the vagina in small numbers. Factors that can disrupt the balance and lead to overgrowth include:
Antibiotics (kill beneficial bacteria)
Pregnancy
Uncontrolled diabetes
Weakened immune system
Oral contraceptives (high estrogen doses)
Douching (disrupts natural flora)
Medicine Used
Antifungal medications are used to treat yeast infections. These can be:
Topical Antifungals: Creams, ointments, or suppositories applied inside the vagina. Examples include miconazole (Monistat), clotrimazole (Gyne-Lotrimin), butoconazole (Gynazole-1), and terconazole (Terazol).
Oral Antifungals: Fluconazole (Diflucan) is a single-dose oral medication.
Is Communicable
While not generally considered a sexually transmitted infection (STI), yeast infections can sometimes be passed between partners during sexual contact. However, it's less common for men to develop symptoms after having sex with a woman who has a yeast infection.
Precautions
Avoid douching.
Avoid scented feminine products (pads, tampons, sprays).
Wear cotton underwear.
Avoid tight-fitting pants or pantyhose.
Change out of wet swimsuits or workout clothes promptly.
Control blood sugar if you have diabetes.
Consider probiotics to promote healthy vaginal flora.
How long does an outbreak last?
With treatment, symptoms typically improve within a few days. Most infections clear up completely within 1-2 weeks.
How is it diagnosed?
Diagnosis usually involves:
Pelvic Exam: A doctor will examine the vagina and vulva.
Vaginal Discharge Sample: A sample of vaginal discharge may be taken and examined under a microscope or sent to a lab for culture to confirm the presence of yeast.
Timeline of Symptoms
Initial Stage: Mild itching and irritation may be the first noticeable symptoms.
Progression: Over the next few days, itching, burning, and discharge increase in severity. Redness and swelling may become apparent.
Peak: Symptoms usually peak within a week if left untreated.
Resolution with Treatment: With appropriate antifungal medication, symptoms usually start to improve within 1-3 days and resolve completely within 1-2 weeks.
Important Considerations
Recurrent yeast infections (four or more per year) require further evaluation by a doctor to rule out underlying medical conditions.
If you're not sure whether you have a yeast infection, see a doctor for diagnosis. It could be another condition with similar symptoms.
Some over-the-counter treatments may not be effective for all types of yeast infections.
If symptoms persist or worsen after using over-the-counter treatments, consult a healthcare provider.
Consider seeing a doctor if you are pregnant, have diabetes, or a weakened immune system.