Summary about Disease
Vaginitis is an inflammation of the vagina that can result in discharge, itching, and pain. It's a common condition caused by infection, irritation, or changes in the normal balance of vaginal bacteria. The most common types are bacterial vaginosis, yeast infections (candidiasis), and trichomoniasis.
Symptoms
Common symptoms of vaginitis include:
Changes in vaginal discharge (color, odor, or amount)
Vaginal itching or irritation
Pain during urination
Pain during sexual intercourse
Vaginal bleeding or spotting Specific symptoms can vary depending on the type of vaginitis.
Causes
The causes of vaginitis vary depending on the type:
Bacterial vaginosis (BV): An overgrowth of bacteria normally present in the vagina, disrupting the balance.
Yeast infections (candidiasis): An overgrowth of a fungus called Candida.
Trichomoniasis: A sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by a parasite.
Irritants: Soaps, douches, perfumes, spermicides, and other products can cause irritation and inflammation.
Allergens: Reactions to condoms or other products.
Vaginal atrophy: Thinning of the vaginal walls after menopause due to decreased estrogen levels.
Medicine Used
Medications used to treat vaginitis depend on the cause:
Bacterial vaginosis: Antibiotics, such as metronidazole or clindamycin (oral or vaginal).
Yeast infections: Antifungal medications, such as fluconazole (oral) or clotrimazole, miconazole, or terconazole (vaginal creams or suppositories).
Trichomoniasis: Antibiotics, usually metronidazole or tinidazole (oral). Both partners need treatment.
Atrophic vaginitis: Topical estrogen creams, vaginal tablets, or rings.
Irritation/Allergy: Discontinue the use of the offending product. Topical corticosteroids may be used.
Is Communicable
Trichomoniasis: Yes, it's a sexually transmitted infection and is communicable.
Bacterial vaginosis: Not typically considered an STI, but can be associated with sexual activity. The exact cause is not fully understood.
Yeast infections: Generally not considered sexually transmitted, but can be triggered or exacerbated by sexual activity in some individuals.
Precautions
Practice good hygiene: Gently wash the vulva with mild, unscented soap and water.
Avoid douching: Douching disrupts the natural balance of vaginal bacteria.
Avoid irritants: Use unscented feminine hygiene products.
Wear cotton underwear: Cotton is more breathable than synthetic fabrics.
Practice safe sex: Use condoms to reduce the risk of STIs.
After using the toilet, wipe from front to back.
How long does an outbreak last?
The duration of vaginitis depends on the cause and treatment:
Bacterial vaginosis: With treatment, symptoms usually improve within a few days to a week.
Yeast infections: With treatment, symptoms typically improve within a few days.
Trichomoniasis: With treatment, symptoms usually improve within a week.
Irritation/Allergy: symptoms should resolve once the irritant is removed.
How is it diagnosed?
Diagnosis typically involves:
Medical history: Doctor will ask about symptoms, sexual history, and medical conditions.
Pelvic exam: Visual examination of the vulva, vagina, and cervix.
Vaginal discharge sample: A sample of vaginal discharge is collected to test for bacteria, yeast, or parasites.
pH test: Measuring the pH of the vagina.
Wet mount: Microscopic examination of the vaginal discharge.
Timeline of Symptoms
The timeline of symptoms varies depending on the type of vaginitis:
Symptoms may develop gradually or suddenly.
Symptoms can range from mild to severe.
Symptoms may fluctuate over time. There is no set timeline applicable to all cases.
Important Considerations
Self-treating vaginitis can be dangerous, as it may mask the underlying cause or lead to antibiotic resistance.
It's important to see a healthcare provider for diagnosis and treatment.
Some types of vaginitis, such as trichomoniasis, can increase the risk of other STIs.
Pregnant women with vaginitis should seek medical attention, as some infections can affect the pregnancy.
If you have recurrent vaginitis, your doctor may recommend long-term treatment or further testing to identify underlying causes.